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more secretly

  • 1 obscūrē

        obscūrē adv. with comp. and sup.    [obscurus], darkly, obscurely: cernere, dimly.—Fig., covertly, closely, secretly: agere: alqd ferre: obscurius iniqui, more secretly: quam obscurissime.

    Latin-English dictionary > obscūrē

  • 2 obscurum

    obscūrus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. sku, to cover, akin to Gr. skeuê, skutos, kutos; cf.: scutum, cutis], dark, darksome, dusky, shady, obscure (class.).
    I.
    Lit.: unde (Acherunte) animae excitantur obscurā umbrā, in dark, shadowy forms, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; so,

    umbra,

    Verg. A. 6, 453:

    donec in obscurum coni conduxit acumen,

    the obscure point of the cone, Lucr. 4, 431:

    lucus,

    Verg. A. 9, 87:

    antrum,

    Ov. M. 4, 100:

    convalles,

    Verg. A. 6, 139:

    tabernae,

    Hor. A. P. 229; cf. Liv. 10, 1, 5: aliae res obnoxiosae nocte in obscurā latent, Enn. ap. Gell. 7, 16 (17), 10 (Trag. v. 341 Vahl.):

    nox,

    Verg. A. 2, 420; cf.:

    per occasum solis, jam obscurā luce,

    Liv. 24, 21:

    caelum,

    Hor. C. 1, 7, 15:

    nimbus,

    Verg. A. 12, 416:

    nubes,

    id. G. 4, 60:

    ferrugo,

    i. e. black, id. ib. 1, 467:

    dentes,

    Juv. 6, 145.— Poet.: funda, dark, i. e. invisible, Val. Fl. 6, 193; cf.

    mamma,

    i. e. hidden, covered, id. 3, 52, 6:

    aquae,

    i. e. turbid, Ov. F. 4, 758.— Subst.: obscūrum, i, n., dim light, twilight:

    in obscuro, advesperascente die,

    Vulg. Prov. 7, 9; but commonly the dark, darkness, obscurity:

    sub obscurum noctis,

    Verg. G. 1, 478:

    lumen,

    i. e. darkness visible, Sall. J. 21, 2.— obscū-rum, adverb.:

    obscurum nimbosus dissidet aër,

    Luc. 5, 631.—
    B.
    Transf., to the person who is in the dark, darkling, unseen:

    ibant obscuri solā sub nocte per umbram,

    Verg. A. 6, 268:

    obscurus in ulvā Delitui,

    id. ib. 2, 135.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., dark, obscure, indistinct, unintelligible:

    Heraclitus... Clarus ob obscuram linguam,

    Lucr. 1, 639: valde Heraclitus obscurus (cf. the Gr. appellation of Heraclitus, ho skoteinos), Cic. Div. 2, 64, 133:

    quid? poëta nemo, nemo physicus obscurus?

    id. ib.:

    obscurā de re tam lucida pango carmina,

    Lucr. 1, 933; 4, 8:

    brevis esse laboro, Obscurus fio,

    Hor. A. P. 25:

    reperta Graiorum,

    Lucr. 1, 136:

    obscurum et ignotum jus,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 177:

    cur hoc tam est obscurum atque caecum?

    id. Agr. 2, 14, 35:

    nolo plebem Romanam obscurā spe et caecā expectatione haerere,

    uncertain, id. ib. 2, 25, 66.— Comp., Quint. 11, 3, 60.— Sup.:

    videre res obscurissimas,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 36, 153.— Subst.:

    causae in obscuro positae,

    Cels. 1 praef. —
    2.
    In partic., rhet. t. t.: obscurum genus causae, obscure, i. e. intricate, involved, Gr. dusparakolouthêton, Cic. Inv. 1, 15, 20:

    (causae privatae) sunt multo saepe obscuriores,

    id. de Or. 2, 24, 100.—
    B.
    Not known, unknown, not recognized:

    forma,

    Ov. M. 3, 475:

    P Ilas,

    i. e. disguised, under another form, id. ib. 6, 36.—Esp. of rank and station, obscure, ignoble, mean, low:

    non est obscura tua in me benevolentia,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 70: Caesaris in barbaris erat nomen obscurius, * Caes. B. C. 1, 61:

    Pompeius humili atque obscuro loco natus,

    of an obscure, ignoble family, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 70, § 181:

    obscuris orti majoribus,

    from obscure ancestors, id. Off. 1, 32, 116:

    clarus an obscurus,

    Quint. 5, 10, 26; cf.:

    si nobilis obscurum se vocet,

    id. 11, 1, 21; 2, 3, 9:

    non obscurus professor et auctor,

    id. 2, 15, 36:

    natus haud obscuro loco,

    Sall. C. 23, 1.— Neutr. absol.:

    in obscuro vitam habere,

    Sall. C. 51, 12:

    vitam per obscurum transmittere,

    in obscurity, Sen. Ep. 19, 3:

    saepe mandatum initio litis in obscuro est,

    kept back, Gai. Inst. 4, 84.—
    C.
    Of character, close, secret, reserved:

    obscurus et astutus homo,

    Cic. Off. 3, 13, 5 (for which:

    sin me astutum et occultum lubet fingere,

    id. Fam. 3, 10, 8):

    plerumque modestus Occupat obscuri speciem,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 94:

    Tiberium obscurum adversus alios, sibi uni incautum intectumque efficeret,

    Tac. A. 4, 1:

    obscurum odium,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 6.— Comp.:

    natura obscurior,

    Tac. Agr. 42.— Adv.: ob-scūrē, darkly, obscurely (class.).
    A.
    Lit.: aut nihil superum aut obscure admodum cernimus, very darkly, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 474, 28.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of speech, darkly, obscurely, indistinctly:

    dicta,

    Quint. 3, 4, 3; 4, 1, 79.— Comp.:

    quae causa dicta obscurius est,

    Quint. 8, 2, 24.— Sup.:

    obscurissime particulā uti, Cell. 17, 13, 5: non obscurissime dicere (opp. planissime),

    id. 11, 16, 9.—
    2.
    Of birth, obscurely, ignobly, meanly (perh. only post-class.):

    obscure natus,

    Macr. S. 7, 3:

    obscurissime natus,

    Amm. 29, 1, 5.—
    3.
    Covertly, closely, secretly:

    malum obscure serpens,

    Cic. Cat. 4, 3, 6:

    tacite obscureque perire,

    id. Quint. 15, 50:

    non obscure ferre aliquid,

    id. Clu. 19, 54; cf. id. Par. 6, 1, 45; Hirt. B. G. 8, 54.— Comp.:

    ceteri sunt obscurius iniqui,

    more secretly, Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 2.— Sup.:

    avertere aliquid de publico quam obscurissime,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 53.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > obscurum

  • 3 obscurus

    obscūrus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. sku, to cover, akin to Gr. skeuê, skutos, kutos; cf.: scutum, cutis], dark, darksome, dusky, shady, obscure (class.).
    I.
    Lit.: unde (Acherunte) animae excitantur obscurā umbrā, in dark, shadowy forms, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; so,

    umbra,

    Verg. A. 6, 453:

    donec in obscurum coni conduxit acumen,

    the obscure point of the cone, Lucr. 4, 431:

    lucus,

    Verg. A. 9, 87:

    antrum,

    Ov. M. 4, 100:

    convalles,

    Verg. A. 6, 139:

    tabernae,

    Hor. A. P. 229; cf. Liv. 10, 1, 5: aliae res obnoxiosae nocte in obscurā latent, Enn. ap. Gell. 7, 16 (17), 10 (Trag. v. 341 Vahl.):

    nox,

    Verg. A. 2, 420; cf.:

    per occasum solis, jam obscurā luce,

    Liv. 24, 21:

    caelum,

    Hor. C. 1, 7, 15:

    nimbus,

    Verg. A. 12, 416:

    nubes,

    id. G. 4, 60:

    ferrugo,

    i. e. black, id. ib. 1, 467:

    dentes,

    Juv. 6, 145.— Poet.: funda, dark, i. e. invisible, Val. Fl. 6, 193; cf.

    mamma,

    i. e. hidden, covered, id. 3, 52, 6:

    aquae,

    i. e. turbid, Ov. F. 4, 758.— Subst.: obscūrum, i, n., dim light, twilight:

    in obscuro, advesperascente die,

    Vulg. Prov. 7, 9; but commonly the dark, darkness, obscurity:

    sub obscurum noctis,

    Verg. G. 1, 478:

    lumen,

    i. e. darkness visible, Sall. J. 21, 2.— obscū-rum, adverb.:

    obscurum nimbosus dissidet aër,

    Luc. 5, 631.—
    B.
    Transf., to the person who is in the dark, darkling, unseen:

    ibant obscuri solā sub nocte per umbram,

    Verg. A. 6, 268:

    obscurus in ulvā Delitui,

    id. ib. 2, 135.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., dark, obscure, indistinct, unintelligible:

    Heraclitus... Clarus ob obscuram linguam,

    Lucr. 1, 639: valde Heraclitus obscurus (cf. the Gr. appellation of Heraclitus, ho skoteinos), Cic. Div. 2, 64, 133:

    quid? poëta nemo, nemo physicus obscurus?

    id. ib.:

    obscurā de re tam lucida pango carmina,

    Lucr. 1, 933; 4, 8:

    brevis esse laboro, Obscurus fio,

    Hor. A. P. 25:

    reperta Graiorum,

    Lucr. 1, 136:

    obscurum et ignotum jus,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 177:

    cur hoc tam est obscurum atque caecum?

    id. Agr. 2, 14, 35:

    nolo plebem Romanam obscurā spe et caecā expectatione haerere,

    uncertain, id. ib. 2, 25, 66.— Comp., Quint. 11, 3, 60.— Sup.:

    videre res obscurissimas,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 36, 153.— Subst.:

    causae in obscuro positae,

    Cels. 1 praef. —
    2.
    In partic., rhet. t. t.: obscurum genus causae, obscure, i. e. intricate, involved, Gr. dusparakolouthêton, Cic. Inv. 1, 15, 20:

    (causae privatae) sunt multo saepe obscuriores,

    id. de Or. 2, 24, 100.—
    B.
    Not known, unknown, not recognized:

    forma,

    Ov. M. 3, 475:

    P Ilas,

    i. e. disguised, under another form, id. ib. 6, 36.—Esp. of rank and station, obscure, ignoble, mean, low:

    non est obscura tua in me benevolentia,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 70: Caesaris in barbaris erat nomen obscurius, * Caes. B. C. 1, 61:

    Pompeius humili atque obscuro loco natus,

    of an obscure, ignoble family, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 70, § 181:

    obscuris orti majoribus,

    from obscure ancestors, id. Off. 1, 32, 116:

    clarus an obscurus,

    Quint. 5, 10, 26; cf.:

    si nobilis obscurum se vocet,

    id. 11, 1, 21; 2, 3, 9:

    non obscurus professor et auctor,

    id. 2, 15, 36:

    natus haud obscuro loco,

    Sall. C. 23, 1.— Neutr. absol.:

    in obscuro vitam habere,

    Sall. C. 51, 12:

    vitam per obscurum transmittere,

    in obscurity, Sen. Ep. 19, 3:

    saepe mandatum initio litis in obscuro est,

    kept back, Gai. Inst. 4, 84.—
    C.
    Of character, close, secret, reserved:

    obscurus et astutus homo,

    Cic. Off. 3, 13, 5 (for which:

    sin me astutum et occultum lubet fingere,

    id. Fam. 3, 10, 8):

    plerumque modestus Occupat obscuri speciem,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 94:

    Tiberium obscurum adversus alios, sibi uni incautum intectumque efficeret,

    Tac. A. 4, 1:

    obscurum odium,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 6.— Comp.:

    natura obscurior,

    Tac. Agr. 42.— Adv.: ob-scūrē, darkly, obscurely (class.).
    A.
    Lit.: aut nihil superum aut obscure admodum cernimus, very darkly, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 474, 28.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of speech, darkly, obscurely, indistinctly:

    dicta,

    Quint. 3, 4, 3; 4, 1, 79.— Comp.:

    quae causa dicta obscurius est,

    Quint. 8, 2, 24.— Sup.:

    obscurissime particulā uti, Cell. 17, 13, 5: non obscurissime dicere (opp. planissime),

    id. 11, 16, 9.—
    2.
    Of birth, obscurely, ignobly, meanly (perh. only post-class.):

    obscure natus,

    Macr. S. 7, 3:

    obscurissime natus,

    Amm. 29, 1, 5.—
    3.
    Covertly, closely, secretly:

    malum obscure serpens,

    Cic. Cat. 4, 3, 6:

    tacite obscureque perire,

    id. Quint. 15, 50:

    non obscure ferre aliquid,

    id. Clu. 19, 54; cf. id. Par. 6, 1, 45; Hirt. B. G. 8, 54.— Comp.:

    ceteri sunt obscurius iniqui,

    more secretly, Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 2.— Sup.:

    avertere aliquid de publico quam obscurissime,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 53.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > obscurus

  • 4 secreto

    adj.
    1 secret, backstairs, backstage, covert.
    2 secret, undeclared.
    3 secret, hidden.
    m.
    1 secret, secrecy.
    2 secret, hidden fact.
    3 secret, hidden know-how.
    4 soundboard, sounding board.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: secretar.
    * * *
    1 secret
    2 (reserva) secrecy
    \
    en secreto secretly
    guardar un secreto to keep a secret
    secreto de estado state secret
    secreto profesional (práctica) professional secrecy
    ————————
    2 (reserva) secrecy
    * * *
    1. (f. - secreta)
    adj.
    2. noun m.
    * * *
    1. SM
    1) (=confidencia) secret

    confiar o contar un secreto a algn — to tell sb a secret

    en secreto — in secret, secretly

    estar en el secreto — frm to be in on the secret

    hacer secreto de algo — frm to be secretive about sth, keep sth secret

    secreto de confesión — (Rel) confessional secret

    secreto de Polichinela — frm open secret

    secreto de sumario, secreto sumarial, debido al secreto del sumario o sumarial — because the matter is sub judice

    mantener 1., 2), b)
    2) (=clave) secret

    ¿cuál es el secreto de su éxito? — what is the secret of her success?

    3) (=reserva) secrecy
    4) (=cajón) secret drawer
    5) (=combinación) combination
    2.
    ADJ secret
    * * *
    I
    - ta adjetivo secret
    II

    revelar un secreto — to give away o reveal a secret

    no es ningún secreto que... — it is no secret that...

    b) ( truco) secret
    * * *
    I
    - ta adjetivo secret
    II

    revelar un secreto — to give away o reveal a secret

    no es ningún secreto que... — it is no secret that...

    b) ( truco) secret
    * * *
    secreto1
    1 = secrecy, secret.

    Ex: That book is a source document; it's something in the hand for somebody interested in censorship and secrecy in government.

    Ex: And therein lies the secret of the unshakeable belief of reference librarians that what they do is the very pith and marrow of librarianship.
    * confiar un secreto = tell + a secret.
    * descubrir un secreto = spill + the beans, blow + the gaff, let + the cat out of the bag.
    * en el mayor secreto = a veil of secrecy.
    * filtración de secreto industrial = industry leak.
    * guardar en secreto = keep + Nombre + under wraps.
    * guardar un secreto = keep + a secret.
    * ley del secreto industrial = trade secret law.
    * mantener en secreto = keep + Nombre + under wraps.
    * prohibición de informar por secreto de sumario = gag order.
    * revelar el secreto de = lift + the curtain on.
    * revelar secretos = reveal + secrets.
    * revelar un secreto = spill + secret, spill + the beans, tell + a secret, let + the cat out of the bag, blow + the gaff.
    * secreto a voces = open secret.
    * secreto celosamente guardado = closely kept secret.
    * secreto comercial = trade secret, competitive information.
    * secreto de estado = state secret.
    * secreto de familia = skeleton in the closet.
    * secreto de la vida, el = secret of life, the.
    * secreto del éxito = secret of/for success.
    * secreto de sumario = gag order.
    * secreto industrial = trade secret, competitive information.
    * secreto mejor guardado = best kept secret.
    * secreto militar = military secret.
    * secretos = wall of secrecy.
    * secretos profesionales = security classification.
    * secreto sumarial = gag order.

    secreto2
    2 = arcane, confidential, q.t., secret, stealth, undercover, cryptic, hush-hush.

    Ex: It is the breadth, not the depth, of librarians' knowledge that enables them quickly to provide a productive context for even the most apparently arcane questions.

    Ex: There is also a large amount of information that is kept secret: not merely cloak-and-dagger state secrets, but vast quantities of confidential technical and commercial data.
    Ex: 'I probably shouldn't tell you this,' he said confidentially, 'but you'll find out sooner or later; in the meantime, it's strictly q.t.; Jay's in trouble'.
    Ex: This article raises some of the issues associated with the collection and documentation of Aboriginal archival material which is secret/sacred in nature.
    Ex: A business dependency on sophisticated information systems makes it vulnerabble to stealth attacks.
    Ex: Small to midsize companies are more likely to use technological surveillance (i.e., computer spy programs), as they're more readily available than undercover detective agencies, which can get a bit pricey.
    Ex: Documentation in the on-line fields is a mass of small and medium-sized pamphlets, clumsy binder and cryptic electronic paragraphs.
    Ex: Several hundred women die every year in the United States from hospital-acquired infections, but it's so hush-hush here that we rarely hear about them.
    * acuerdo secreto = secret deal.
    * agente secreto = secret agent.
    * amigo secreto = invisible friend.
    * argot secreto de los cacos = thieves' cant.
    * argot secreto de los ladrones = thieves' cant.
    * arma secreta = secret weapon.
    * célula secreta = secret cell.
    * con el mayor secreto = a veil of secrecy.
    * en secreto = in confidence, covertly, in secret.
    * guardar en secreto = keep + confidential.
    * información secreta = secret information.
    * mantener en secreto = keep + secret, keep + hush hush, keep + confidential.
    * mantener secreto = keep + secret.
    * más secreto = innermost.
    * pacto secreto = secret deal.
    * pasadizo secreto = secret passage.
    * policía secreto = undercover police officer.
    * sociedad secreta = secret brotherhood.
    * voluntad de mantener Algo en secreto = secretiveness.
    * voto secreto = secret ballot.

    * * *
    secreto1 -ta
    secret
    guardar un secreto to keep a secret
    el secreto de su éxito the secret of his success
    los preparamos en secreto we prepared them secretly o in secret o in secrecy
    reveló todos los secretos she gave away o revealed all the secrets
    te lo dije en secreto I told you in confidence
    ven que te lo digo en secreto ( fam); come here and I'll whisper it in your ear
    no es ningún secreto que están pasando una crisis it is no secret that they are going through a crisis
    2 (truco) secret
    el secreto está en la manera de doblarlo the secret is in the way you fold it
    y no tiene más secreto and that's all there is to it
    Compuestos:
    open secret
    el secreto bancario client confidentiality
    intimate secret
    secret of the confessional
    state secret
    el secreto de sumario me impide dar más detalles I am unable to give further details because the matter is sub judice
    military secret
    professional secret
    * * *

    Del verbo secretar: ( conjugate secretar)

    secreto es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    secretó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    secretar    
    secreto
    secreto 1
    ◊ -ta adjetivo

    secret
    secreto 2 sustantivo masculino

    ◊ los preparamos en secreto we prepared them secretly o in secret;

    secreto a voces open secret
    b) ( truco) secret;

    ◊ el secreto está en … the secret is in …

    secretar verbo transitivo to secrete
    secreto,-a
    I adjetivo secret
    agente secreto, secret agent
    II sustantivo masculino
    1 secret: no sabe guardar un secreto, he can't keep a secret
    la naturaleza tiene sus secretos, Nature has its own mysteries
    un secreto a voces, an open secret
    2 (discreción, reserva) secrecy
    secreto profesional, professional secrecy
    ♦ Locuciones: en secreto, in secret, secretly
    ' secreto' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    callarse
    - cifra
    - consistir
    - descubrir
    - divulgar
    - divulgación
    - guardar
    - hermética
    - hermético
    - iniciar
    - privada
    - privado
    - reservarse
    - revelar
    - revelación
    - sanctasanctórum
    - secreta
    - urdir
    - voto
    - voz
    - agente
    - callar
    - confiar
    - contar
    - develar
    - impenetrable
    - indiscreción
    - indiscreto
    - íntimo
    - luz
    - pregonar
    - reserva
    English:
    agent
    - away
    - betray
    - classified
    - closely
    - closet
    - collude
    - confidence
    - confidential
    - covert
    - divulge
    - ear
    - expose
    - exposure
    - give away
    - hush-hush
    - in
    - inner
    - innermost
    - intelligence agent
    - keep
    - let out
    - open
    - put
    - repeat
    - scandal
    - search out
    - secrecy
    - secret
    - secret agent
    - secret service
    - secretly
    - skeleton
    - sneaking
    - strict
    - swear
    - top-secret
    - trade secret
    - undercover
    - unspoken
    - well-kept
    - wrap
    - hush
    - top
    - trade
    - under
    * * *
    secreto, -a
    ♦ adj
    secret
    ♦ nm
    1. [noticia, información] secret;
    guardar un secreto to keep a secret;
    mantener algo en secreto to keep sth secret;
    ser un secreto a voces to be an open secret;
    no es ningún secreto que el país atraviesa una crisis it's no secret that the country is going through a crisis;
    la mecánica no tiene ningún secreto para él mechanics holds no secrets for him
    secreto bancario banking confidentiality;
    secreto de confesión secrecy of the confessional;
    secreto de Estado State secret;
    secreto profesional professional secret;
    secreto sumarial o del sumario: [m5] decretar el secreto sumarial o [m5] del sumario = to deny access to information relating to a judicial inquiry
    2. [sigilo] secrecy;
    en secreto in secret;
    me dijo en secreto que iba a divorciarse she told me in secret that she was going to get divorced;
    llevaban con mucho secreto los preparativos de la fiesta they kept the preparations for the party very secret
    * * *
    I adj secret
    II m secret;
    un secreto a voces an open secret;
    en secreto in secret
    * * *
    secreto, -ta adj
    1) : secret
    2) : secretive
    ♦ secretamente adv
    1) : secret
    2) : secrecy
    * * *
    secreto adj n secret
    en secreto in secret / secretly

    Spanish-English dictionary > secreto

  • 5 bajo

    adj.
    1 low.
    2 short, small.
    3 low, tawdry, base.
    4 low, contemptible, lowly, base.
    5 low-lying, low-down.
    6 hushed, soft, soft-sounding.
    adv.
    1 softly, in a low voice, low.
    Let's talk low because the baby's sleep Hablemos bajo porque el niño duerme.
    2 low, in a low position, near ground level, near the floor.
    prep.
    1 under, below, beneath, underneath.
    2 under.
    3 under, under the jurisdiction of.
    m.
    1 bass.
    2 bass, double bass, bass guitar.
    3 bass singer, bass voice, bass.
    4 hem, turn-up, hemline, turnup.
    5 low lying ground.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: bajar.
    * * *
    1 (gen) low
    ■ pon la música, pero baja put the music on low
    2 (persona) short, not tall
    3 (cabeza) bowed, held low; (ojos) lowered, downcast
    4 (marea) out
    5 (despreciable) despicable, contemptible, base
    6 (territorio, río) lower
    7 (época) later
    8 (inferior) poor, low
    ————————
    1 (piso) ground floor, US first floor
    2 (de prenda) bottoms plural, US cuff
    3 MÚSICA (instrumento) bass; (contrabajo) double bass
    1 MÚSICA (músico) bass player; (cantante) bass
    2 (voz) softly, quietly, in a low voice
    1 under
    1 (planta baja) ground floor; (sótano) basement
    \
    por lo bajo (disimuladamente) on the sly 2 (en voz baja) in a low voice 3 (sin exagerar) conservatively
    bajas pasiones animal passions
    bajos fondos underworld sing
    * * *
    1. prep. 2. adv.
    1) low
    2) softly, quietly
    3. (f. - baja)
    adj.
    1) low
    4) soft
    5) base, vile
    4. noun m.
    1) bass
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=de poca altura) [objeto] low; [persona] short; [parte] lower, bottom; [tierra] low-lying; [agua] shallow

    planta baja — ground floor, first floor (EEUU)

    2) (=inclinado)
    3) (=reducido, inferior) [precios, temperaturas, frecuencia] low; [calidad] low, poor

    de baja calidad — low-quality, poor-quality

    • estar bajo de algo, estar bajo de ánimo o de moral — to be in low spirits

    estar bajo de forma (física) — to be unfit, be out of shape

    4) [sonido] faint, soft; [voz, tono] low

    hablar en voz baja — to speak quietly o in a low voice

    5) [etapa]
    6) [oro, plata] with a high level of impurities
    7) [color] (=apagado) dull; (=pálido) pale
    8) (=humilde) low, humble; [clase] lower; [condición] lowly; [barrio] poor; [tarea] menial
    9) pey (=vulgar) common, ordinary; (=mezquino) base, mean
    10)

    por lo bajo — (=a lo menos) at (the) least

    2. SM
    1) (Cos) [de vestido] hem; [de pantalones] turn-up, cuff (EEUU)
    2) [de edificio] (=piso) ground floor, first floor (EEUU)

    bajo comercial — ground-floor o (EEUU) first-floor business premises

    3) (Mús) (=instrumento) bass; (=voz) bass; (=guitarrista) bass (guitar) player, bassist
    4) pl bajos [de edificio] ground floor sing, first floor sing (EEUU); [de coche] underside; euf [del cuerpo] private parts
    5) (=hondonada) hollow
    6) (Náut) = bajío 1)
    3.
    ADV [volar] low; [tocar, cantar] quietly, softly

    hablar bajo — (=en voz baja) to speak quietly, speak softly; (=tener una voz suave) to be softly spoken, be soft spoken

    ¡más bajo, por favor! — quieter, please!

    4. PREP
    1) (=debajo de) under

    • bajo cero — below zero

    • bajo la lluvia — in the rain

    • bajo tierra — underground

    2) (=dependiente de, sometido a) under

    bajo el título de... — under the title of...

    fianza 1), juramento 1), llave 1)
    * * *
    I
    - ja adjetivo
    1) [ser] < persona> short
    2) (indicando posición, nivel)
    a) [ser] < techo> low; < tierras> low-lying
    b) [estar] <lámpara/cuadro/nivel> low
    c) ( bajado)
    3)
    a) <calificación/precio/número> low; < temperatura> low

    tiene la tensión or presión baja — he has low blood pressure

    b) <volumen/luz> low

    en voz baja — quietly, in a low voice

    4)
    5) ( grave) <tono/voz> deep, low
    6) ( vil) <acción/instinto> low, base

    caer bajo: qué bajo has caído! — how could you stoop so low!

    •
    II
    a) <volar/pasar> low
    b) <hablar/cantar> softly, quietly
    III
    1)
    a) ( planta baja) first (AmE) o (BrE) ground floor
    b)

    los bajos — (CS) the first (AmE) o (BrE) ground floor

    2)
    a) (de falda, vestido) hem
    b) bajos masculino plural (Auto) underside
    3) ( contrabajo) (double) bass
    IV
    a) ( debajo de) under

    bajo techo — under cover, indoors

    bajo el cielo estrellado — (liter) beneath the starry sky (liter)

    b) (expresando sujeción, dependencia) under

    bajo el título... — under the title...

    * * *
    I
    - ja adjetivo
    1) [ser] < persona> short
    2) (indicando posición, nivel)
    a) [ser] < techo> low; < tierras> low-lying
    b) [estar] <lámpara/cuadro/nivel> low
    c) ( bajado)
    3)
    a) <calificación/precio/número> low; < temperatura> low

    tiene la tensión or presión baja — he has low blood pressure

    b) <volumen/luz> low

    en voz baja — quietly, in a low voice

    4)
    5) ( grave) <tono/voz> deep, low
    6) ( vil) <acción/instinto> low, base

    caer bajo: qué bajo has caído! — how could you stoop so low!

    •
    II
    a) <volar/pasar> low
    b) <hablar/cantar> softly, quietly
    III
    1)
    a) ( planta baja) first (AmE) o (BrE) ground floor
    b)

    los bajos — (CS) the first (AmE) o (BrE) ground floor

    2)
    a) (de falda, vestido) hem
    b) bajos masculino plural (Auto) underside
    3) ( contrabajo) (double) bass
    IV
    a) ( debajo de) under

    bajo techo — under cover, indoors

    bajo el cielo estrellado — (liter) beneath the starry sky (liter)

    b) (expresando sujeción, dependencia) under

    bajo el título... — under the title...

    * * *
    bajo1
    1 = bass.

    Ex: Russian singer Vladimir Ognovenko is one of the most arresting basses on the opera scene today.

    bajo2

    Ex: The ground floor of the library contains a foyer with separate entrance to different departments.

    * bajo comercial = commercial premise.

    bajo3
    3 = low [lower -comp., lowest -sup.], lowly [lowlier -comp., lowliest -sup.], sagging, low-lying.

    Ex: Carlton Duncan discussed the difficulties built into the educational processes which led to under-performance at school and the resulting low representation in higher education and low entry into the professions.

    Ex: Such a concept came as a great surprise to many information educators who rather dismissively regarded the information qua information field of activity as being too lowly in terms of salary potential.
    Ex: It was obvious that Balzac's enthusiasm for the grant lifted his spirits up from their normal sagging state.
    Ex: With the introduction of irrigation, low-lying areas are prone to waterlogging and soil salinization.
    * a bajas temperaturas = at low temperature.
    * a bajo coste = low-cost.
    * a bajo costo = low-cost.
    * a bajo nivel = low-level.
    * a bajo precio = lower-cost, lower-cost, at a low price, on the cheap.
    * altibajos = ups and downs.
    * altos y bajos = highs and lows, peaks and valleys.
    * arma de bajo calibre = small arm.
    * baja Edad Media, la = late Middle Ages, the.
    * baja resolución = low resolution.
    * baja tecnología = low tech [low-tech].
    * baja temperatura = low temperature.
    * bajo cero = sub-zero, below-freezing.
    * bajo consumo = low power consumption.
    * bajo coste = low cost.
    * bajo en ácido = low-acid.
    * bajo en calorías = low cal, low-calorie.
    * bajo en carbohidratos = low-carb(ohydrate).
    * bajo en grasas = low fat.
    * bajo en hidratos de carbono = low-carb(ohydrate).
    * bajo precio = low cost.
    * bajo presión = under the cosh.
    * bajos ingresos = low income.
    * bajo vientre = lower abdomen.
    * barrio bajo = skid row.
    * bebida baja en alcohol = low-alcohol drink.
    * cuando la marea está baja = at low tide.
    * cultura de la clase baja = low culture.
    * de baja calidad = poor in detail, low-grade [lowgrade], low-quality, third rate [third-rate], low-end, trashy [trashier -comp., trashiest -sup.].
    * de baja intensidad = low-intensity [low intensity].
    * de baja ralea = ignoble.
    * de bajo consumo = low energy.
    * de bajo contenido en grasas = low fat.
    * de bajo crecimiento = low-growing.
    * de bajo estatus social = low-status.
    * de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.
    * de bajo precio = low-priced.
    * de bajo riesgo = low-risk.
    * decir en voz baja = say under + Posesivo + breath, say in + a low voice, say in + a quiet voice.
    * de la gama baja = low-end.
    * de nivel cultural bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].
    * de nivel intelectual bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].
    * de tacón bajo = low-heeled.
    * dieta baja en carbohidratos = low-carb diet.
    * dieta baja en hidratos de carbono = low-carb diet.
    * el más bajo = rock-bottom.
    * el punto más bajo = rock-bottom.
    * en su nivel más bajo = at its lowest ebb.
    * en su punto más bajo = at its lowest ebb.
    * en un nivel bajo = at a low ebb.
    * en un punto bajo = at a low ebb.
    * estar muy bajo = be way down.
    * familia de bajos ingresos = low-income family.
    * fijar precios bajos = price + low.
    * frente de bajas presiones = ridge of low pressure.
    * hablar en voz baja = whisper, speak + low.
    * marea baja = low tide.
    * más bien bajo = shortish.
    * monte bajo = undergrowth, understorey [understory, -USA], fynbos, shrubland, scrubland.
    * Países Bajos, los = Netherlands, the, Low Countries, the.
    * período bajo = dry spell.
    * período de baja actividad = dry spell.
    * persona de nivel cultural bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].
    * persona de nivel intelectual bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].
    * planta baja = ground floor.
    * que habla en voz baja = quietly spoken.
    * que vuela bajo = low-flying.
    * sistema de bajas presiones = ridge of low pressure, low pressure system.
    * temporada baja = low season.
    * tirando a bajo = shortish.
    * tirar a lo bajo = low-ball.

    bajo4

    Ex: One of the outcomes of entry under title has been the proliferation of serials titles.

    * acoger bajo la representación de Uno = bring under + Posesivo + umbrella.
    * acoger bajo la tutela de Uno = bring under + Posesivo + umbrella.
    * bajo agua = undersea, underwater.
    * bajo amenaza = under threat.
    * bajo arresto domiciliario = under house arrest.
    * bajo cero = below zero.
    * bajo ciertas circunstancias = under certain circumstances.
    * bajo ciertas condiciones = under certain conditions.
    * bajo coacción = under duress.
    * bajo el asesoramiento de = on the advice of.
    * bajo el brazo = under + Posesivo + arm.
    * bajo el cargo de = on charges of.
    * bajo el control de = under the control of.
    * bajo el emblema = under the banner.
    * bajo el manto de la noche = under the cover of darkness, under the cloak of darkness.
    * bajo el patrocinio de = under the aegis of.
    * bajo el sol = in the eye of the sun.
    * bajo el yugo de = under the yoke of.
    * bajo juramento = under oath, sworn.
    * bajo la apariencia de = in the guise of, under the guise of.
    * bajo la competencia de = under the jurisdiction of.
    * bajo la dirección de = under the supervision of.
    * bajo las garras de = under the grip of.
    * bajo la supervisión de = under the supervision of.
    * bajo la tutela = under the auspices of.
    * bajo la tutela de = under the aegis of.
    * bajo la tutela de Alguien = under + Posesivo + auspices.
    * bajo llave = under lock and key.
    * bajo los auspicios de = under the aegis of, under the auspices of.
    * bajo los auspicios de Alguien = under + Posesivo + auspices.
    * bajo los pies = underfoot.
    * bajo lupa = under the microscope.
    * bajo ninguna circunstancia = under no/any circumstances.
    * bajo ningún concepto = on no account, not on any account, under no/any circumstances.
    * bajo + Posesivo + custodia = in + Posesivo + safekeeping.
    * bajo presión = under pressure.
    * bajo reforma = under reform.
    * bajo sospecha = under suspicion.
    * bajo tierra = underground, below surface.
    * bajo un mismo techo = under one roof.
    * decretar libertad bajo fianza = remand.
    * guardar bajo llave = keep under + lock and key.
    * libertad bajo fianza = bail.
    * mantener bajo control = keep + a rein on.
    * tener Algo bajo el control de Uno = have + Nombre + at + Posesivo + command.
    * territorio bajo mandato = mandate.

    bajo5
    5 = lowdown, mean [meaner -comp., meanest -sup.].

    Ex: The board clearly didn't care if its commissioner was a lowdown, lying, corrupt and untrustworthy creep, likely because that is the nature of the entire organization.

    Ex: Whereas in most European countries during this period welfare provision continued to develop, in Australia it languished at a level which, with the exception of Japan, was the meanest of the developed countries.

    * * *
    bajo1 -ja
    A [ SER] ‹persona› short
    ese chico bajito que trabaja en el bar that short o small guy who works in the bar
    B (indicando posición, nivel)
    1 [ SER] ‹techo› low; ‹tierras› low-lying
    un vestido de talle bajo a low-waisted dress
    2 [ ESTAR] ‹lámpara/cuadro› low
    las ramas más bajas del árbol the lowest branches of the tree
    la parte baja de la estantería the bottom shelf/lower shelves of the bookcase
    el nivel de aceite está bajo the oil level is low
    ¡qué bajo está el río! isn't the river low!
    la marea está baja it's low tide, the tide is out
    3
    (bajado): la casa tenía las persianas bajas the house had the blinds down
    caminaba con la mirada baja she walked (along) looking at the ground o with her eyes lowered
    C
    1 ‹calificación/precio/número› low; ‹temperatura› low
    bajo en nicotina y alquitrán low in nicotine and tar
    una bebida baja en calorías a low-calorie drink
    tiene la tensión or presión baja he has low blood pressure, his blood pressure is low
    liquidaban todo a precios bajísimos they were selling everything off really cheap(ly)
    artículos de baja calidad poor-quality goods
    por lo bajoor ( RPl) por parte baja at least
    les va a costar 10.000 tirando or echando por lo bajo ( fam); it's going to cost them at least 10,000, it's going to cost them 10,000 easily o at (the very) least
    2 ‹volumen/luz› low
    lo dijo en voz baja he said it quietly o in a low voice
    pon la radio bajita put the radio on quietly
    3 ‹oro› below 14 karats
    (falto de): están bajos de moral they're in low spirits, their morale is low
    está baja de defensas her defenses are low
    E (grave) ‹tono/voz› deep, low
    F (vil) ‹acción/instinto› low, base
    caer bajoor en lo bajo: ha caído en lo más bajo she stooped pretty low
    ¡qué bajo has caído! how could you stoop so low?, how low can you get!
    Compuestos:
    feminine humble origins (pl)
    la bajoa Edad Media the late Middle Ages (pl)
    estoy en bajoa forma I'm in bad shape, I'm not on form, I'm feeling below par
    la bajoa forma del equipo nacional the poor form of the national team
    feminine low frequency
    feminine ( Per) garbage ( AmE) o ( BrE) refuse collection and street cleaning service
    fpl animal passions (pl)
    fpl low pressure
    feminine low technology
    de bajoa tecnología low-technology ( before n), low-tech
    masculine Low Latin
    masculine bas-relief
    mpl underworld
    el bajo vientre the lower abdomen
    1 ‹volar/pasar› low
    2 ‹hablar/cantar› softly, quietly
    canta más bajo sing more softly
    ¡habla más bajo! keep your voice down!
    A
    1 (planta baja) first ( AmE) o ( BrE) ground floor; (local) commercial premises ( on the first ( AmE) o ( BrE) ground floor of a building)
    2 los bajos mpl ( RPl) the first ( AmE) o ( BrE) ground floor
    B
    1 (de una falda, un vestido) hem; (de un pantalón) cuff ( AmE), turn-up ( BrE)
    2 bajos mpl ( Auto) underbody
    C (contrabajo) bass, double bass
    D
    ( Chi fam) (fin): darle el bajo a algn to do away with sb ( colloq), to get rid of sb
    darle el bajo a algo to polish sth off ( colloq)
    1 (debajo de) under
    corrimos a ponernos bajo techo we ran to get under cover
    ponte bajo el paraguas get under o underneath the umbrella
    tres grados bajo cero three degrees below zero
    cuando yo esté bajo tierra when I'm dead and buried
    bajo el cielo estrellado ( liter); beneath the starry sky ( liter)
    cantando bajo la lluvia singing in the rain
    2 (expresando sujeción, dependencia) under
    está bajo juramento you are under oath
    bajo Alfonso XIII under Alfonso XIII, during the reign of Alfonso XIII
    bajo su mando under his command
    bajo los efectos del alcohol under the influence of alcohol
    bajo ese punto de vista looking at it from that point of view
    bajo el título `España hoy' under the title `España hoy'
    fianza, garantía, llave2 (↑ llave (2)), etc
    * * *

     

    Del verbo bajar: ( conjugate bajar)

    bajo es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    bajó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    bajar    
    bajo
    bajar ( conjugate bajar) verbo intransitivo
    1
    a) [ascensor/persona] ( alejándose) to go down;

    ( acercándose) to come down;
    ◊ bajo por las escaleras to go/come down the stairs;

    ya bajo I'll be right down
    b) ( apearse) bajo de algo ‹de tren/avión› to get off sth;

    ‹ de coche› to get out of sth;
    ‹de caballo/bicicleta› to get off sth
    c) (Dep) [ equipo] to go down

    2

    b) [fiebre/tensión] to go down, drop;

    [ hinchazón] to go down;
    [ temperatura] to fall, drop
    c) [precio/valor] to fall, drop;

    [ calidad] to deteriorate;
    [ popularidad] to diminish;

    verbo transitivo
    1 ‹escalera/cuesta› to go down
    2 ‹brazo/mano› to put down, lower
    3
    a) bajo algo (de algo) ‹de armario/estante› to get sth down (from sth);

    ‹ del piso de arriba› ( traer) to bring sth down (from sth);
    ( llevar) to take sth down (to sth)
    b) bajo a algn de algo ‹de mesa/caballo› to get sb off sth

    4
    a) ‹persiana/telón› to lower;

    ‹ ventanilla› to open

    5 ‹ precio› to lower;
    ‹ fiebre› to bring down;
    ‹ volumen› to turn down;
    ‹ voz› to lower
    bajarse verbo pronominal
    1 ( apearse) bajose de algo ‹de tren/autobús› to get off sth;
    ‹ de coche› to get out of sth;
    ‹de caballo/bicicleta› to get off sth;
    ‹de pared/árbol› to get down off sth
    2 ‹ pantalones› to take down;
    ‹ falda› to pull down
    bajo 1
    ◊ -ja adjetivo

    1 [ser] ‹ persona› short
    2
    a) [ser] ‹ techo› low;

    ‹ tierras› low-lying
    b) [estar] ‹lámpara/cuadro/nivel› low;


    están bajos de moral their morale is low;
    está bajo de defensas his defenses are low
    3
    a) ‹calificación/precio/temperatura› low;


    bajo en calorías low-calorie;
    de baja calidad poor-quality
    b) ‹volumen/luz› low;


    4 ( grave) ‹tono/voz› deep, low
    5 ( vil) ‹acción/instinto› low, base;

    bajo 2 adverbio
    a) ‹volar/pasar› low

    b) ‹hablar/cantar› softly, quietly;

    ◊ ¡habla más bajo! keep your voice down!

    ■ sustantivo masculino
    1
    a) ( planta baja) first (AmE) o (BrE) ground floor

    b)

    ◊ los bajos (CS) the first (AmE) o (BrE) ground floor

    2 ( contrabajo) (double) bass
    ■ preposición
    under;

    tres grados bajo cero three degrees below zero;
    bajo juramento under oath
    bajar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (descender) to come o go down: bajé corriendo la cuesta, I ran downhill ➣ Ver nota en ir 2 (llevar algo abajo) to bring o get o take down: baja los disfraces del trastero, bring the costumes down from the attic
    3 (un telón) to lower
    (una persiana) to let down
    (la cabeza) to bow o lower
    4 (reducir el volumen) to turn down
    (la voz) to lower
    5 (los precios, etc) to reduce, cut
    6 (ropa, dobladillo) tengo que bajar el vestido, I've got to let the hem down
    7 Mús tienes que bajar un tono, you've got to go down a tone
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 to go o come down: bajamos al bar, we went down to the bar
    2 (apearse de un tren, un autobús) to get off
    (de un coche) to get out [de, of]: tienes que bajarte en la siguiente parada, you've got to get off at the next stop
    3 (disminuir la temperatura, los precios) to fall, drop: ha bajado su cotización en la bolsa, its share prices have dropped in the stock exchange
    bajo,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 low
    2 (de poca estatura) short: es muy bajo para jugar al baloncesto, he's a bit too short to play basketball
    3 (poco intenso) faint, soft: en este local la música está baja, the music isn't very loud here
    4 (escaso) poor: su nivel es muy bajo, his level is very low
    este queso es bajo en calorías, this cheese is low in calories
    5 Mús low
    6 fig (mezquino, vil, ruin) base, despicable: tiene muy bajos instintos, he's absolutely contemptible
    bajos fondos, the underworld
    la clase baja, the lower class
    II adverbio low: habla bajo, por favor, please speak quietly
    por lo b., (a sus espaldas, disimuladamente) on the sly: con Pedro es muy amable, pero por lo bajo echa pestes de él, she's very nice to Pedro, but she's always slagging him off behind his back
    (como mínimo) at least: ese libro cuesta cinco mil pesetas tirando por lo bajo, that book costs at least five thousand pesetas
    III sustantivo masculino
    1 Mús (instrumento, cantante, instrumentista) bass
    2 (de un edificio) ground floor
    3 (de una prenda) hem
    IV mpl Mec underneath: las piedras del camino le rozaron los bajos del coche, we scratched the bottom of the car against the stones on the road
    V preposición
    1 (lugar) under, underneath
    bajo techo, under shelter
    bajo tierra, underground
    bajo la tormenta, in the storm
    2 Pol Hist under
    bajo la dictadura, under the dictatorship 3 bajo cero, (temperatura) below zero
    4 Jur under
    bajo fianza, on bail
    bajo juramento, under oath
    bajo multa de cien mil pesetas, subject to a fine of one hundred thousand pesetas
    bajo ningún concepto, under no circumstances
    firmó la declaración bajo presión, she signed the declaration under pressure
    La traducción más común del adjetivo es low. Sin embargo, recuerda que cuando quieres describir a una persona debes usar la palabra short: Es muy bajo para su edad. He's very short for his age.

    ' bajo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    auspicio
    - baja
    - caer
    - calificar
    - caloría
    - circunstancia
    - concepto
    - confiar
    - control
    - cuerda
    - dominación
    - fianza
    - fiebre
    - guardia
    - hundida
    - hundido
    - imperio
    - ínfima
    - ínfimo
    - insolación
    - juramento
    - libertad
    - llave
    - manía
    - ministerio
    - monte
    - murmurar
    - par
    - pretexto
    - próxima
    - próximo
    - rescoldo
    - ropa
    - sarro
    - so
    - tapón
    - techo
    - tierra
    - tono
    - vigilancia
    - a
    - abrasar
    - anestesia
    - arresto
    - ático
    - bajar
    - bajío
    - chato
    - chico
    - coacción
    English:
    account
    - aloud
    - auspice
    - bail
    - bass
    - bass guitar
    - below
    - beneath
    - body
    - bottom
    - clampdown
    - complaint
    - conceal
    - condition
    - content
    - control
    - cover
    - cuff
    - custody
    - depressed
    - distraught
    - down
    - drunk driving
    - DUI
    - escrow
    - feel
    - floodlight
    - foresight
    - freezing
    - ground
    - gun
    - hand
    - honour
    - hurtle
    - in
    - keep down
    - lock away
    - low
    - low-alcohol
    - low-budget
    - low-calorie
    - low-cost
    - lower
    - Lower Egypt
    - lowest
    - microscope
    - minus
    - oath
    - observation
    - off
    * * *
    bajo, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [objeto, cifra] low;
    [persona, estatura] short;
    es más bajo que su amigo he's shorter than his friend;
    el pantano está muy bajo the water (level) in the reservoir is very low;
    tengo la tensión baja I have low blood pressure;
    tener la moral baja, estar bajo de moral to be in low o poor spirits;
    estar en baja forma to be off form;
    han mostrado una baja forma alarmante they have shown worryingly poor form, they have been worryingly off form;
    los precios más bajos de la ciudad the lowest prices in the city;
    tirando o [m5] calculando por lo bajo at least, at the minimum;
    de baja calidad poor(-quality);
    bajo en calorías low-calorie;
    bajo en nicotina low in nicotine (content)
    Elec baja frecuencia low frequency; Arte bajo relieve bas-relief; Informát baja resolución low resolution
    2. [cabeza] bowed;
    [ojos] downcast;
    paseaba con la cabeza baja she was walking with her head down
    3. [poco audible] low;
    [sonido] soft, faint;
    en voz baja softly, in a low voice;
    pon la música más baja, por favor turn the music down, please;
    por lo bajo [en voz baja] in an undertone;
    [en secreto] secretly;
    reírse por lo bajo to snicker, to snigger
    4. [grave] deep
    5. Geog lower;
    el bajo Amazonas the lower Amazon
    6. Hist lower;
    la baja Edad Media the late Middle Ages
    7. [pobre] lower-class
    los bajos fondos the underworld
    8. [vil] base
    9. [soez] coarse, vulgar;
    se dejó llevar por bajas pasiones he allowed his baser instincts to get the better of him
    10. [metal] base
    11. Perú baja policía street cleaners
    ♦ nm
    1. [dobladillo] hem;
    meter el bajo de una falda to take up a skirt
    2. [planta baja] [piso] Br ground floor flat, US first floor apartment;
    [local] Br premises on the ground floor, US premises on the first floor;
    los bajos Br the ground floor, US the first floor
    3. Mús [instrumento, cantante] bass;
    [instrumentista] bassist
    4. Mús [sonido] bass
    5. Aut
    bajos [de vehículo] underside
    6. [hondonada] hollow
    7. [banco de arena] shoal, sandbank
    ♦ adv
    1. [hablar] quietly, softly;
    ella habla más bajo que él she speaks more softly than he does;
    ¡habla más bajo, vas a despertar al bebé! keep your voice down or you'll wake the baby up!
    2. [caer] low;
    Fig
    ¡qué bajo has caído! how low you have sunk!
    3. [volar] low
    ♦ prep
    1. [debajo de] under;
    bajo su apariencia pacífica se escondía un ser agresivo beneath his calm exterior there lay an aggressive nature;
    bajo cero below zero;
    Fig
    bajo cuerda o [m5] mano secretly, in an underhand manner;
    le pagó bajo mano para conseguir lo que quería he paid her secretly to get what he wanted;
    bajo este ángulo from this angle;
    bajo la lluvia in the rain;
    bajo techo under cover;
    dormir bajo techo to sleep with a roof over one's head o indoors
    2. [sometido a]
    bajo coacción under duress;
    bajo control under control;
    bajo el régimen de Franco under Franco's regime;
    fue encarcelado bajo la acusación de… he was jailed on charges of…;
    Der
    bajo fianza on bail;
    bajo mando de under the command of;
    prohibido aparcar bajo multa de 100 euros no parking – penalty 100 euros;
    bajo observación under observation;
    bajo palabra on one's word;
    el trato se hizo bajo palabra it was a purely verbal o a gentleman's agreement;
    bajo pena de muerte on pain of death;
    bajo tratamiento médico receiving medical treatment;
    bajo la tutela de in the care of
    * * *
    I adj
    1 low;
    bajo en sal low in salt
    2 persona short
    II m
    1 MÚS bass
    2 piso first floor, Br
    ground floor; de edificio first floor apartment, Br
    ground floor flat
    3 de vestido, pantalón hem
    4
    :
    por lo bajo at least
    III adv
    1 cantar, hablar quietly, softly
    2 volar low
    IV prp under;
    tres grados bajo cero three degrees below zero;
    palabra on o under oath
    * * *
    bajo adv
    1) : down, low
    2) : softly, quietly
    habla más bajo: speak more softly
    bajo, -ja adj
    1) : low
    2) : short (of stature)
    3) : soft, faint, deep (of sounds)
    4) : lower
    el bajo Amazonas: the lower Amazon
    5) : lowered
    con la mirada baja: with lowered eyes
    6) : base, vile
    7)
    los bajos fondos : the underworld
    bajo nm
    1) : bass (musical instrument)
    2) : first floor, ground floor
    3) : hemline
    bajo prep
    : under, beneath, below
    * * *
    bajo1 adj
    1. (persona) short
    2. (muro, mueble, voz) low
    habla en voz baja she speaks in a low voice / she speaks quietly
    3. (nivel, precio, número) low
    bajo2 adv
    2. (con voz suave) quietly
    bajo3 n
    1. (planta baja) ground floor
    3. (instrumento, voz) bass
    ¿quién toca el bajo? who plays the bass?
    4. (músico) bass player
    bajo4 prep under

    Spanish-English dictionary > bajo

  • 6 secerno

    sē-cerno, crēvi, crētum, 3 (old inf. secernier, Lucr. 3, 263), v. a.
    I.
    Lit., to put apart, to sunder, sever, separate (freq. and class.; not in Cæs.; cf.: sepono, sejungo, secludo); constr. with simple acc., or with ab aliquā re; less freq. ex aliquā re; poet. with abl.
    (α).
    With simple acc.:

    quae non animalia solum Corpora sejungunt, sed terras ac mare totum Secernunt,

    Lucr. 2, 729:

    seorsum partem utramque,

    id. 3, 637:

    arietes, quibus sis usurus ad feturam, bimestri tempore ante secernendum,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 13 (cf. infra, b):

    stamen secernit harundo,

    Ov. M. 6, 55:

    sparsos sine ordine flores Secernunt calathis,

    separate in baskets, id. ib. 14, 267:

    nihil (praedae) in publicum secernendo augenti rem privatam militi favit,

    setting apart for the public treasury, Liv. 7, 16; cf.:

    Juppiter illa piae secrevit litora genti,

    hath set apart for the pious race, Hor. Epod. 16, 63:

    inde pares centum denos secrevit in orbes Romulus,

    separated, divided, Ov. F. 3, 127.—
    (β).
    With ab or (less freq.) with ex, and poet. with abl.:

    a terris altum secernere caelum,

    Lucr. 5, 446:

    ab aëre caelum,

    Ov. M. 1, 23:

    Europen ab Afro (medius liquor),

    Hor. C. 3, 3, 47:

    muro denique secernantur a nobis,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 32:

    inermes ab armatis,

    Liv. 41, 3:

    militem a populo (in spectaculis),

    Suet. Aug. 44:

    se a bonis,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 32; cf.:

    se ab Etruscis,

    Liv. 6, 10.—In the part. perf.:

    antequam incipiat admissura fieri, mares a feminis secretos habeant,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 18 (cf. supra, a); so,

    saepta ab aliis,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8:

    manus a nobis,

    Lucr. 2, 912; 3, 552:

    sphaera ab aethereā conjunctione,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

    sucus a reliquo cibo,

    id. ib. 2, 55, 137:

    bilis ab eo cibo,

    id. ib. al.:

    secreti ab aliis ad tribunos adducuntur,

    Liv. 6, 25; 25, 30:

    secretis alterius ab altero criminibus,

    id. 40, 8 fin.; 39, 10:

    se e grege imperatorum,

    id. 35, 14 fin.:

    unum e praetextatis compluribus,

    Suet. Aug. 94 med.:

    monile ex omni gazā,

    id. Galb. 18:

    me gelidum nemus Nympharumque leves chori Secernunt populo,

    separate, distinguish, Hor. C. 1, 1, 32.—
    II.
    Trop., to separate, disjoin, part, dissociate (syn.: internosco, distinguo).
    (α).
    With simple acc.:

    hosce ego homines excipio et secerno libenter,

    set apart, Cic. Cat. 4, 7, 15.—
    (β).
    With ab, or poet. with abl.: ut venustas et pulchritudo corporis secerni non potest a valetudine;

    sic, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 95:

    animum a corpore,

    id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:

    tertium genus (laudationum) a praeceptis nostris,

    id. de Or. 2, 84, 341; cf.:

    ipsam pronuntiationem ab oratore,

    Quint. 1, 11, 17: dicendi facultatem a majore vitae laude, id. 2, 15, 2:

    sua a publicis consiliis,

    Liv. 4, 57:

    haec a probris ac sceleribus ejus,

    Suet. Ner. 19 et saep.:

    cur me a ceteris clarissimis viris in hoc officio secernas,

    Cic. Sull. 1, 3:

    publica privatis, sacra profanis,

    Hor. A. P. 397.—
    B.
    To distinguish, discern:

    blandum amicum a vero,

    Cic. Lael. 25, 95:

    non satis acute, quae sunt secernenda, distinguit,

    id. Top. 7, 31:

    nec natura potest justo secernere iniquum, Dividit ut bona diversis, fugienda petendis,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 113:

    turpi honestum,

    id. ib. 1, 6, 63.—
    C.
    To set aside, reject:

    cum reus frugalissimum quemque secerneret,

    Cic. Att. 1, 16, 3:

    minus idoneos senatores,

    Suet. Vit. 2.—Hence, sēcrē-tus, a, um, P. a., severed, separated; hence, separate, apart (as an adj. not freq. till after the Aug. period; not in Cic.; syn.: sejunctus, seclusus).
    A.
    In gen.:

    ne ducem suum, neve secretum imperium propriave signa haberent, miscuit manipulos, etc.,

    Liv. 1, 52:

    electa (uva defertur) in secretam corbulam,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2:

    arva,

    Verg. A. 6, 478; Varr. L. L. 9, § 57 Müll.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Of places or things pertaining to them, out of the way, retired, remote, lonely, solitary, secret (syn.:

    solus, remotus, arcanus): secreta petit loca, balnea vitat,

    Hor. A. P. 298:

    locus (opp. celeber),

    Quint. 11, 1, 47:

    montes,

    Ov. M. 11, 765:

    silva,

    id. ib. 7, 75:

    litora,

    id. ib. 12, 196:

    pars domus (the gynaeceum),

    id. ib. 2, 737; cf. in sup.:

    secretissimus locus (navis),

    Petr. 100, 6: vastum ubique silentium, secreti colles, solitary, i. e. abandoned, deserted by the enemy, = deserti, Tac. Agr. 38:

    iter (with semita),

    solitary, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 103; cf.

    quies,

    Mart. 7, 32, 4.—Of persons and transactions, private, secret:

    invadit secretissimos tumultus,

    Sen. Ep. 91, 5:

    vacuis porticibus secretus agitat,

    Tac. A. 11, 21:

    est aliquis ex secretis studiis fructus,

    private studies, Quint. 2, 18, 4; so,

    studia (opp. forum),

    id. 12, 6, 4:

    disputationes,

    id. 12, 2, 7:

    contentio,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 4 et saep. —Hence,
    b.
    Subst.: sēcrētum, i, n., retirement, solitude, secrecy; a solitude, solitary place, retreat (syn.: solitudo, secessus); sing.:

    cum stilus secreto gaudeat atque omnes arbitros reformidet,

    Quint. 10, 7, 16:

    secreti longi causā,

    Ov. H. 21, 21:

    altum abditumque secretum, Phn. Ep. 2, 17, 22: dulce,

    id. ib. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 30; 12, 5, 2; Tac. A. 4, 57; 14, 53; id. Agr. 39 fin.; Phaedr. 3, 10, 11; 4, 23, 6; Luc. 3, 314.— Plur.:

    se a vulgo et scaenā in secreta removere,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 71:

    horrendaeque procul secreta Sibyllae,

    Verg. A. 6, 10; Ov. M. 1, 594; Tac. H. 3, 63; Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    dulcis secretorum comes (eloquentia),

    id. 1, 4, 5:

    cameli solitudines aut secreta certe petunt,

    Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 173.— Comp.:

    haec pars Suevorum in secretiora Germaniae porrigitur,

    into the more remote parts, Tac. G. 41. —
    (β).
    Absol.: in secreto, in a secret place, secretly:

    tempus in secreto lbi tereret,

    Liv. 26, 19, 5:

    reus in secreto agebatur,

    Curt. 10, 4, 29.—
    2.
    That is removed from acquaintance (cf. abditus), hidden, concealed, secret:

    secreta ducis pectora,

    Mart. 5, 5, 4:

    secretas advocat artes,

    Ov. M. 7, 138:

    ars,

    Petr. 3:

    litterae (with familiares),

    Quint. 1, 1, 29:

    carmina (the Sibylline odes),

    Luc. 1, 599:

    libidines,

    Tac. A. 1, 4 fin.:

    quaedam imperii pignora,

    Flor. 1, 2, 3.—With ab:

    nec quicquam secretum alter ab altero haberent,

    Liv. 39, 10, 1.— Comp.:

    libertus ex secretioribus ministeriis,

    Tac. Agr. 40:

    praemia (opp. publica largitio),

    id. H. 1, 24:

    aliud (nomen),

    Quint. 1, 4, 25:

    vitium stomachi,

    Mart. 3, 77, 9.— Poet. for the adv. secreto:

    tu (Anna) secreta pyram tecto interiore Erige,

    in secret, secretly, Verg. A. 4, 494; cf.:

    stridere secreta divisos aure susurros,

    secretly in each one's ear, Hor. S. 2, 8, 78.—Hence,
    b.
    Subst.: sēcrētum, i, n., something secret, secret conversation; a mystery, secret:

    secretum petenti non nisi adhibito filio dedit,

    Suet. Tib. 25 fin.; id. Calig. 23:

    illuc me persecutus secretum petit,

    a secret interview, Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 11:

    petito secreto futura aperit,

    Tac. H. 2, 4.— Piur.:

    crebra cum amicis secreta habere,

    Tac. A. 13, 18:

    animi secreta proferuntur,

    Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 141:

    nulla lex jubet amicorum secreta non eloqui,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 21, 1:

    omnium secreta rimari,

    Tac. A. 6, 3:

    horribile secretum,

    Petr. 21, 3; Tac. H. 1, 17 fin.; id. Agr. 25; Suet. Aug. 66:

    uxor omnis secreti capacissima,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 7; Quint. 12, 9, 5 al.—Concr.:

    lucos ac nemora consecrant deorumque nominibus appellant secretum illud, quod solā reverentiā vident,

    that mysterious being, Tac. G. 9 fin.—Plur.:

    introitus, aperta, secreta velut in annales referebat,

    Tac. A. 4, 67; cf.:

    gens non astuta aperit adhuc secreta pectoris licentia joci,

    id. G. 22:

    oratio animi secreta detegit,

    Quint. 11, 1, 30; Tac. A. 1, 6; 4, 7 fin.; 6, 3; id. G. 19; Plin. Pan. 68, 6; Suet. Tib. 52; id. Oth. 3 et saep.—Concr.:

    (Minerva) hanc legem dederat, sua ne secreta viderent,

    i. e. the mysteries, Ov. M. 2, 556; 2, 749; cf.:

    secretiora quaedam,

    magic arts, Amm. 14, 6, 14:

    in secretis ejus reperti sunt duo libelli,

    among his private papers, Suet. Calig. 49.—
    3.
    Pregn., separate from what is common, i. e. uncommon, rare, recondite (perh. only in the two foll. passages of Quint.):

    (figurae) secretae et extra vulgarem usum positae, etc.,

    Quint. 9, 3, 5: interpretatio linguae secretioris, quas Graeci glôssas vocant, i. e. of the more uncommon words, id. 1, 1, 35 (for which:

    glossemata id est voces minus usitatas,

    id. 1, 8, 15).—
    4.
    In Lucr., of any thing separated from what belongs to it, i. e. wanting, deprived of, without something; with abl. or gen.:

    nec porro secreta cibo natura animantum Propagare genus possit (corresp. to sine imbribus),

    Lucr. 1, 194:

    (corpora) secreta teporis Sunt ac frigoris omnino calidique vaporis (corresp. to spoliata colore),

    id. 2, 843. —Hence, adv., in three forms: secreto (class.), secrete (post-class.), and secretim (late Lat. and very rare).
    * 1.
    (Acc. to A.) Apart, by itself, separately:

    de quibus (hortis) suo loco dicam secretius,

    Col. 11, 2, 25. —
    2.
    (Acc. to B. 2.) In secret, secretly; without witnesses; in private.
    (α).
    sēcrē-tō:

    mirum, quid solus secum secreto ille agat,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 73:

    secreto illum adjutabo,

    id. Truc. 2, 7, 7:

    secreto hoc audi,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 25, 2:

    nescio quid secreto velle loqui te Aiebas mecum,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 67:

    secreto te huc seduxi,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 14:

    facere,

    id. Bacch. 5, 2, 30; 5, 2, 35; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 45, § 100; id. Att. 7, 8, 4; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4:

    secreto ab aliis,

    Liv. 3, 36:

    secreto agere cum aliquo,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 1; Quint. 5, 13, 16; 9, 2, 79; Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 8; Curt. 7, 2, 13.—
    (β).
    sēcrētē, Tert. Or. 1 med.; id. Pall. 4 fin. —
    b.
    Comp.:

    secretius emittitur inflatio,

    Sen. Q. N. 5, 4, 1. —
    (γ).
    sēcrētim, Amm. 29, 1, 6.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > secerno

  • 7 secretum

    sē-cerno, crēvi, crētum, 3 (old inf. secernier, Lucr. 3, 263), v. a.
    I.
    Lit., to put apart, to sunder, sever, separate (freq. and class.; not in Cæs.; cf.: sepono, sejungo, secludo); constr. with simple acc., or with ab aliquā re; less freq. ex aliquā re; poet. with abl.
    (α).
    With simple acc.:

    quae non animalia solum Corpora sejungunt, sed terras ac mare totum Secernunt,

    Lucr. 2, 729:

    seorsum partem utramque,

    id. 3, 637:

    arietes, quibus sis usurus ad feturam, bimestri tempore ante secernendum,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 13 (cf. infra, b):

    stamen secernit harundo,

    Ov. M. 6, 55:

    sparsos sine ordine flores Secernunt calathis,

    separate in baskets, id. ib. 14, 267:

    nihil (praedae) in publicum secernendo augenti rem privatam militi favit,

    setting apart for the public treasury, Liv. 7, 16; cf.:

    Juppiter illa piae secrevit litora genti,

    hath set apart for the pious race, Hor. Epod. 16, 63:

    inde pares centum denos secrevit in orbes Romulus,

    separated, divided, Ov. F. 3, 127.—
    (β).
    With ab or (less freq.) with ex, and poet. with abl.:

    a terris altum secernere caelum,

    Lucr. 5, 446:

    ab aëre caelum,

    Ov. M. 1, 23:

    Europen ab Afro (medius liquor),

    Hor. C. 3, 3, 47:

    muro denique secernantur a nobis,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 32:

    inermes ab armatis,

    Liv. 41, 3:

    militem a populo (in spectaculis),

    Suet. Aug. 44:

    se a bonis,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 32; cf.:

    se ab Etruscis,

    Liv. 6, 10.—In the part. perf.:

    antequam incipiat admissura fieri, mares a feminis secretos habeant,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 18 (cf. supra, a); so,

    saepta ab aliis,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8:

    manus a nobis,

    Lucr. 2, 912; 3, 552:

    sphaera ab aethereā conjunctione,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

    sucus a reliquo cibo,

    id. ib. 2, 55, 137:

    bilis ab eo cibo,

    id. ib. al.:

    secreti ab aliis ad tribunos adducuntur,

    Liv. 6, 25; 25, 30:

    secretis alterius ab altero criminibus,

    id. 40, 8 fin.; 39, 10:

    se e grege imperatorum,

    id. 35, 14 fin.:

    unum e praetextatis compluribus,

    Suet. Aug. 94 med.:

    monile ex omni gazā,

    id. Galb. 18:

    me gelidum nemus Nympharumque leves chori Secernunt populo,

    separate, distinguish, Hor. C. 1, 1, 32.—
    II.
    Trop., to separate, disjoin, part, dissociate (syn.: internosco, distinguo).
    (α).
    With simple acc.:

    hosce ego homines excipio et secerno libenter,

    set apart, Cic. Cat. 4, 7, 15.—
    (β).
    With ab, or poet. with abl.: ut venustas et pulchritudo corporis secerni non potest a valetudine;

    sic, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 95:

    animum a corpore,

    id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:

    tertium genus (laudationum) a praeceptis nostris,

    id. de Or. 2, 84, 341; cf.:

    ipsam pronuntiationem ab oratore,

    Quint. 1, 11, 17: dicendi facultatem a majore vitae laude, id. 2, 15, 2:

    sua a publicis consiliis,

    Liv. 4, 57:

    haec a probris ac sceleribus ejus,

    Suet. Ner. 19 et saep.:

    cur me a ceteris clarissimis viris in hoc officio secernas,

    Cic. Sull. 1, 3:

    publica privatis, sacra profanis,

    Hor. A. P. 397.—
    B.
    To distinguish, discern:

    blandum amicum a vero,

    Cic. Lael. 25, 95:

    non satis acute, quae sunt secernenda, distinguit,

    id. Top. 7, 31:

    nec natura potest justo secernere iniquum, Dividit ut bona diversis, fugienda petendis,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 113:

    turpi honestum,

    id. ib. 1, 6, 63.—
    C.
    To set aside, reject:

    cum reus frugalissimum quemque secerneret,

    Cic. Att. 1, 16, 3:

    minus idoneos senatores,

    Suet. Vit. 2.—Hence, sēcrē-tus, a, um, P. a., severed, separated; hence, separate, apart (as an adj. not freq. till after the Aug. period; not in Cic.; syn.: sejunctus, seclusus).
    A.
    In gen.:

    ne ducem suum, neve secretum imperium propriave signa haberent, miscuit manipulos, etc.,

    Liv. 1, 52:

    electa (uva defertur) in secretam corbulam,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2:

    arva,

    Verg. A. 6, 478; Varr. L. L. 9, § 57 Müll.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Of places or things pertaining to them, out of the way, retired, remote, lonely, solitary, secret (syn.:

    solus, remotus, arcanus): secreta petit loca, balnea vitat,

    Hor. A. P. 298:

    locus (opp. celeber),

    Quint. 11, 1, 47:

    montes,

    Ov. M. 11, 765:

    silva,

    id. ib. 7, 75:

    litora,

    id. ib. 12, 196:

    pars domus (the gynaeceum),

    id. ib. 2, 737; cf. in sup.:

    secretissimus locus (navis),

    Petr. 100, 6: vastum ubique silentium, secreti colles, solitary, i. e. abandoned, deserted by the enemy, = deserti, Tac. Agr. 38:

    iter (with semita),

    solitary, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 103; cf.

    quies,

    Mart. 7, 32, 4.—Of persons and transactions, private, secret:

    invadit secretissimos tumultus,

    Sen. Ep. 91, 5:

    vacuis porticibus secretus agitat,

    Tac. A. 11, 21:

    est aliquis ex secretis studiis fructus,

    private studies, Quint. 2, 18, 4; so,

    studia (opp. forum),

    id. 12, 6, 4:

    disputationes,

    id. 12, 2, 7:

    contentio,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 4 et saep. —Hence,
    b.
    Subst.: sēcrētum, i, n., retirement, solitude, secrecy; a solitude, solitary place, retreat (syn.: solitudo, secessus); sing.:

    cum stilus secreto gaudeat atque omnes arbitros reformidet,

    Quint. 10, 7, 16:

    secreti longi causā,

    Ov. H. 21, 21:

    altum abditumque secretum, Phn. Ep. 2, 17, 22: dulce,

    id. ib. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 30; 12, 5, 2; Tac. A. 4, 57; 14, 53; id. Agr. 39 fin.; Phaedr. 3, 10, 11; 4, 23, 6; Luc. 3, 314.— Plur.:

    se a vulgo et scaenā in secreta removere,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 71:

    horrendaeque procul secreta Sibyllae,

    Verg. A. 6, 10; Ov. M. 1, 594; Tac. H. 3, 63; Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    dulcis secretorum comes (eloquentia),

    id. 1, 4, 5:

    cameli solitudines aut secreta certe petunt,

    Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 173.— Comp.:

    haec pars Suevorum in secretiora Germaniae porrigitur,

    into the more remote parts, Tac. G. 41. —
    (β).
    Absol.: in secreto, in a secret place, secretly:

    tempus in secreto lbi tereret,

    Liv. 26, 19, 5:

    reus in secreto agebatur,

    Curt. 10, 4, 29.—
    2.
    That is removed from acquaintance (cf. abditus), hidden, concealed, secret:

    secreta ducis pectora,

    Mart. 5, 5, 4:

    secretas advocat artes,

    Ov. M. 7, 138:

    ars,

    Petr. 3:

    litterae (with familiares),

    Quint. 1, 1, 29:

    carmina (the Sibylline odes),

    Luc. 1, 599:

    libidines,

    Tac. A. 1, 4 fin.:

    quaedam imperii pignora,

    Flor. 1, 2, 3.—With ab:

    nec quicquam secretum alter ab altero haberent,

    Liv. 39, 10, 1.— Comp.:

    libertus ex secretioribus ministeriis,

    Tac. Agr. 40:

    praemia (opp. publica largitio),

    id. H. 1, 24:

    aliud (nomen),

    Quint. 1, 4, 25:

    vitium stomachi,

    Mart. 3, 77, 9.— Poet. for the adv. secreto:

    tu (Anna) secreta pyram tecto interiore Erige,

    in secret, secretly, Verg. A. 4, 494; cf.:

    stridere secreta divisos aure susurros,

    secretly in each one's ear, Hor. S. 2, 8, 78.—Hence,
    b.
    Subst.: sēcrētum, i, n., something secret, secret conversation; a mystery, secret:

    secretum petenti non nisi adhibito filio dedit,

    Suet. Tib. 25 fin.; id. Calig. 23:

    illuc me persecutus secretum petit,

    a secret interview, Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 11:

    petito secreto futura aperit,

    Tac. H. 2, 4.— Piur.:

    crebra cum amicis secreta habere,

    Tac. A. 13, 18:

    animi secreta proferuntur,

    Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 141:

    nulla lex jubet amicorum secreta non eloqui,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 21, 1:

    omnium secreta rimari,

    Tac. A. 6, 3:

    horribile secretum,

    Petr. 21, 3; Tac. H. 1, 17 fin.; id. Agr. 25; Suet. Aug. 66:

    uxor omnis secreti capacissima,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 7; Quint. 12, 9, 5 al.—Concr.:

    lucos ac nemora consecrant deorumque nominibus appellant secretum illud, quod solā reverentiā vident,

    that mysterious being, Tac. G. 9 fin.—Plur.:

    introitus, aperta, secreta velut in annales referebat,

    Tac. A. 4, 67; cf.:

    gens non astuta aperit adhuc secreta pectoris licentia joci,

    id. G. 22:

    oratio animi secreta detegit,

    Quint. 11, 1, 30; Tac. A. 1, 6; 4, 7 fin.; 6, 3; id. G. 19; Plin. Pan. 68, 6; Suet. Tib. 52; id. Oth. 3 et saep.—Concr.:

    (Minerva) hanc legem dederat, sua ne secreta viderent,

    i. e. the mysteries, Ov. M. 2, 556; 2, 749; cf.:

    secretiora quaedam,

    magic arts, Amm. 14, 6, 14:

    in secretis ejus reperti sunt duo libelli,

    among his private papers, Suet. Calig. 49.—
    3.
    Pregn., separate from what is common, i. e. uncommon, rare, recondite (perh. only in the two foll. passages of Quint.):

    (figurae) secretae et extra vulgarem usum positae, etc.,

    Quint. 9, 3, 5: interpretatio linguae secretioris, quas Graeci glôssas vocant, i. e. of the more uncommon words, id. 1, 1, 35 (for which:

    glossemata id est voces minus usitatas,

    id. 1, 8, 15).—
    4.
    In Lucr., of any thing separated from what belongs to it, i. e. wanting, deprived of, without something; with abl. or gen.:

    nec porro secreta cibo natura animantum Propagare genus possit (corresp. to sine imbribus),

    Lucr. 1, 194:

    (corpora) secreta teporis Sunt ac frigoris omnino calidique vaporis (corresp. to spoliata colore),

    id. 2, 843. —Hence, adv., in three forms: secreto (class.), secrete (post-class.), and secretim (late Lat. and very rare).
    * 1.
    (Acc. to A.) Apart, by itself, separately:

    de quibus (hortis) suo loco dicam secretius,

    Col. 11, 2, 25. —
    2.
    (Acc. to B. 2.) In secret, secretly; without witnesses; in private.
    (α).
    sēcrē-tō:

    mirum, quid solus secum secreto ille agat,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 73:

    secreto illum adjutabo,

    id. Truc. 2, 7, 7:

    secreto hoc audi,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 25, 2:

    nescio quid secreto velle loqui te Aiebas mecum,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 67:

    secreto te huc seduxi,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 14:

    facere,

    id. Bacch. 5, 2, 30; 5, 2, 35; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 45, § 100; id. Att. 7, 8, 4; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4:

    secreto ab aliis,

    Liv. 3, 36:

    secreto agere cum aliquo,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 1; Quint. 5, 13, 16; 9, 2, 79; Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 8; Curt. 7, 2, 13.—
    (β).
    sēcrētē, Tert. Or. 1 med.; id. Pall. 4 fin. —
    b.
    Comp.:

    secretius emittitur inflatio,

    Sen. Q. N. 5, 4, 1. —
    (γ).
    sēcrētim, Amm. 29, 1, 6.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > secretum

  • 8 still

    Adj.
    1. (ruhig) quiet (auch zurückhaltend); (lautlos, wortlos) auch silent; (friedlich) peaceful; sei still! (be) quiet!; sei still davon! don’t mention that!; warum bist du so still? why are you so silent?, why don’t you say anything?; zu den Stillen in der Klasse gehören be one of the quiet ones in the class; still werden become ( oder go) quiet; plötzlich wurde es ganz still suddenly everything went quiet ( oder there was silence); still bleiben keep quiet; bleib doch mal still! be quiet, will you; stilles Gebet silent prayer
    2. fig. quiet; (heimlich) secret; um ihn ist es still geworden fig. you don’t hear anything about him these days; in einer stillen Stunde in a quiet moment; in stillem Einverständnis by tacit agreement; stille Übereinkunft WIRTS. tacit understanding; stilles Glück quiet bliss; stille Hoffnung secret hope; stiller Verehrer secret admirer; stiller Vorwurf silent reproach; stille Reserven hidden reserves; stiller Gesellschafter oder Teilhaber WIRTS. sleeping (Am. silent) partner; die Stillen im Lande the silent majority; im Stillen (innerlich) inwardly; (heimlich) secretly; im Stillen fluchte ich I was cursing to myself ( oder inside, under my breath); stilles Örtchen umg. smallest room, Am. john; stille Jahreszeit WIRTS. dead season
    3. (regungslos) still, motionless; still bleiben keep still; bleib doch mal still! keep still, will you
    4. Luft, See, Gefühle: calm; still werden Wind etc.: calm down; der Stille Ozean the Pacific (Ocean); stille Wasser sind tief still waters run deep; er ist ein stilles Wasser he’s a dark horse; Kämmerlein
    * * *
    quiescent; stagnant; tranquil; motionless; still; silent; calm; quiet; halcyon; tacit
    * * *
    stịll [ʃtɪl]
    1. adj
    1) (= ruhig) quiet, silent; (= lautlos) Seufzer quiet; Gebet silent; (= schweigend) Vorwurf, Beobachter silent

    still werden — to go quiet, to fall silent

    im Saal wurde es still, der Saal wurde still — the room fell silent

    um ihn/darum ist es still geworden — you don't hear anything about him/it any more

    es blieb still — there was no sound, silence reigned

    in stillem Schmerz/in stiller Trauer — in silent suffering/grief

    im Stillen — without saying anything, quietly

    sei doch still! —

    2) (= unbewegt) Luft still; See calm, still; (= ohne Kohlensäure) Mineralwasser still

    er ist ein stilles Wasser — he's a deep one, he's a dark horse

    3) (= einsam, abgeschieden) Dorf, Tal, Straße quiet
    4) (= heimlich) secret

    er ist dem stillen Suff ergeben (inf) — he drinks on the quiet, he's a secret drinker

    5) (COMM) Gesellschafter, Teilhaber sleeping (Brit), silent (US); Reserven, Rücklagen secret, hidden
    2. adv
    1) (= leise) weinen, arbeiten, nachdenken quietly; leiden in silence; auseinandergehen, weggehen silently
    2) (= unbewegt) daliegen, dasitzen, liegen bleiben still

    den Kopf/die Hände/Füße still halten — to keep one's head/hands/feet still

    ein Glas/Tablett still halten — to hold a glass/tray steady

    See:
    → auch stillhalten
    3) (= ohne viel Trubel) vor sich hin leben, arbeiten quietly
    * * *
    1) (silent: On this point he was dumb.) dumb
    2) (silent, still: a hushed room/crowd.) hushed
    3) (without movement or noise: The city seems very still in the early morning; Please stand/sit/keep/hold still while I brush your hair!; still (= calm) water/weather.) still
    * * *
    [ʃtɪl]
    I. adj
    1. (geräuschlos) silent
    im Haus war es still the house was silent
    \still werden to go quiet, to fall silent
    im Haus wurde es \still the house fell silent
    2. (lärmfrei) Ort quiet, peaceful, still liter
    die Füße/Hände \still halten to keep one's feet/hands still
    4. (ruhig, schweigsam)
    ein \stiller Mensch a quiet [or silent] person
    sei \still! be quiet!
    5. (beschaulich) quiet
    in \stillem Gedenken in silent memory
    wir wollen uns jetzt des seligen Bischofs in \stillem Gedenken erinnern now we will keep a moment's silence in memory of the late bishop
    in \stiller Trauer in silent grief; s.a. Stunde
    6. (heimlich) secretly
    im S\stillen in secret; (bei sich) to oneself
    im S\stillen hoffen to secretly hope
    in \stillem Einvernehmen by tacit agreement [or understanding]
    mit einem \stillen Seufzen with a silent [or an inner] sigh
    ein \stiller Vorwurf a silent reproach
    jds \stille Zustimmung voraussetzen to assume sb's approval [or agreement
    7. JUR Gesellschafter, Partnerschaft, Teilhaber dormant, silent
    \stille Rücklagen hidden assets
    8.
    ▶ um jdn ist es \still geworden you don't hear much about sb anymore; s.a. Wasser
    II. adv
    1. (geräuschlos) quietly
    \still vor sich akk hin weinen to cry quietly to oneself
    2. (wortlos) without saying a word
    \still sitzen/stehen to sit/stand still
    * * *
    1.
    1) (ruhig, leise) quiet; (ganz ohne Geräusche) silent; still; quiet, peaceful <valley, area, etc.>
    2) (reglos) still

    stilles [Mineral]wasser — still [mineral] water

    3) (ohne Aufregung, Hektik) quiet <day, life>; quiet, calm < manner>
    5) (wortlos) silent <reproach, grief, etc.>
    6) (heimlich) secret

    stille Reserven — (Wirtsch.) secret or hidden reserves; (ugs.) [secret] savings

    7)

    der Stille Ozean — the Pacific [Ocean]

    2.
    1) (ruhig, leise) quietly; (geräuschlos) silently
    2) (zurückhaltend) quietly
    3) (wortlos) in silence
    * * *
    still adj
    1. (ruhig) quiet (auch zurückhaltend); (lautlos, wortlos) auch silent; (friedlich) peaceful;
    sei still! (be) quiet!;
    sei still davon! don’t mention that!;
    warum bist du so still? why are you so silent?, why don’t you say anything?;
    zu den Stillen in der Klasse gehören be one of the quiet ones in the class;
    still werden become ( oder go) quiet;
    plötzlich wurde es ganz still suddenly everything went quiet ( oder there was silence);
    still bleiben keep quiet;
    bleib doch mal still! be quiet, will you;
    stilles Gebet silent prayer
    2. fig quiet; (heimlich) secret;
    still sitzen sit still;
    sitzt endlich still! do sit still!;
    er kann nicht still sitzen fig he can’t sit still, he’s always got to be on the go;
    um ihn ist es still geworden fig you don’t hear anything about him these days;
    in einer stillen Stunde in a quiet moment;
    in stillem Einverständnis by tacit agreement;
    stille Übereinkunft WIRTSCH tacit understanding;
    stilles Glück quiet bliss;
    stille Hoffnung secret hope;
    stiller Verehrer secret admirer;
    stiller Vorwurf silent reproach;
    stille Reserven hidden reserves;
    Teilhaber WIRTSCH sleeping (US silent) partner;
    die Stillen im Lande the silent majority;
    im Stillen (innerlich) inwardly; (heimlich) secretly;
    im Stillen fluchte ich I was cursing to myself ( oder inside, under my breath);
    stilles Örtchen umg smallest room, US john;
    stille Jahreszeit WIRTSCH dead season
    3. (regungslos) still, motionless;
    still bleiben keep still;
    bleib doch mal still! keep still, will you
    4. Luft, See, Gefühle: calm;
    still werden Wind etc: calm down;
    der Stille Ozean the Pacific (Ocean);
    stille Wasser sind tief still waters run deep;
    er ist ein stilles Wasser he’s a dark horse; → Kämmerlein
    * * *
    1.
    1) (ruhig, leise) quiet; (ganz ohne Geräusche) silent; still; quiet, peaceful <valley, area, etc.>
    2) (reglos) still

    stilles [Mineral]wasser — still [mineral] water

    3) (ohne Aufregung, Hektik) quiet <day, life>; quiet, calm < manner>
    5) (wortlos) silent <reproach, grief, etc.>
    6) (heimlich) secret

    stille Reserven — (Wirtsch.) secret or hidden reserves; (ugs.) [secret] savings

    7)

    der Stille Ozean — the Pacific [Ocean]

    2.
    1) (ruhig, leise) quietly; (geräuschlos) silently
    2) (zurückhaltend) quietly
    3) (wortlos) in silence
    * * *
    adj.
    calm adj.
    hushed adj.
    mum adj.
    quiet adj.
    silent adj.
    still adj.
    tacit adj. adv.
    quietly adv.
    silently adv.
    tacitly adv.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > still

  • 9 ocultamente

    adv.
    secretly, hiddenly.
    * * *
    ADV (=secretamente) secretly; (=misteriosamente) mysteriously; (=furtivamente) stealthily
    * * *
    = darkly.
    Ex. Stanley C Holliday hammers home the same message by more whimsical means hinting darkly that a sticky end at the hands of irritated colleagues awaits all librarians who fail to make adequate and accurate notes.
    * * *

    Ex: Stanley C Holliday hammers home the same message by more whimsical means hinting darkly that a sticky end at the hands of irritated colleagues awaits all librarians who fail to make adequate and accurate notes.

    Spanish-English dictionary > ocultamente

  • 10 HAFA

    * * *
    (hefi; hafða, höfðum; hafðr), v.
    1) to have (þeir höfðu sjau skip ok flest stór);
    hafa elda, to keep up a five;
    2) to hold, celebrate (hafa vinaboð, blót, þing);
    3) to keep, retain (rifu þær vefinn í sundr, ok hafði hverr þat er hélt á);
    4) to use (tvau net eru rý, ok hafa eigi höfð verit);
    orð þau sem hann hafði um haft, which he had made use of;
    hafa fagrmæli við e-n, to flatter one;
    hafa hljóðmæli við e-n, to speak secretly to one;
    hafa tvimæli á e-u, to speak doubtfully of a thing;
    hafa viðrmæli um e-t, to use mocking words;
    hann var mjök hafðr við mál manna, much used to, versed in, lawsuits;
    5) to have, hold, maintain;
    hafa vináttu við e-n, to maintain friendship with one;
    hafa hættumikit, to run a great risk;
    hafa heilindi, to have good health;
    6) to bring, carry;
    hafa e-n heim með sér, to bring one home;
    hann hafði lög, út hingat ór Noregi, he brought laws hither from Norway;
    hafa sik (to betake oneself) til annara landa;
    7) to take, carry off;
    troll hafi þik, the trolls take thee;
    8) to get, gain, win;
    hann hafði eigi svefn, he got no sleep;
    hefir sá jafnan, er hættir, he wins that ventures;
    hafa gagn, sigr, to gain victor;
    hafa meira hlut, to get the upper hand, gain the day;
    hafa sitt mál, to win one’s suit;
    hafa tafl, to win the game;
    hafa erendi, to do one’s errand, succeed;
    hafa bana, to suffer death, to die;
    hafa sigr, to be worsted;
    hafa góðar viðtökur, to be well received;
    hafa tíðindi af e-m, to get tidings of, or from, one;
    hafa sœmd, óvirðing af e-m, to get honour, disgrace from one;
    with gen., hafa e-s ekki, to fail to catch one (hann kemst á skóg undan, ok höfðu þeir hans ekki);
    ekki munu vér hans hafa at sinni, we shall not catch him at present;
    9) to wear carry (clothes, weapons);
    hann hafði blán kyrtil, he wore a blue kirtle;
    hafa kylfu í hendi sér, to have a club in one’s hand;
    10) to behave, do, or fare, so an so esp. with an adv.;
    hafa vel, illa, vetr, to behave (do) well, badly, be worse;
    hafa sik vel, to behave;
    11) with infin., hafa at varðveita, to have in keeping at selja, to have on sale;
    lög hafið þér at mæla, you are right;
    12) hafa e-n nær e-u, to expose one to (þú hafðir svá nær haft oss úfœru);
    hafa nær e-u, to come near to, esp. impers.;
    nær hafði okkr nú, it was a narrow escape;
    svá nær hafði hausinum, at, the shot so nearly touched the head, that;
    ok er nær hafði, skipit mundi fljóta, when the ship was on the point of flloating;
    13) as an auxiliary verb, in the earliest time with the pp. of transitive verbs in acc.;
    hefir þú hamar um fólginn, hast thou hidden the hammer?;
    ek hefi sendan mann, I have sent a man;
    later with indecl. neut. pp.;
    hefir þú eigi sét mik, hast thou not seen me?;
    14) with preps.:
    hafa e-t at, to do, act;
    hann tók af þér konuna, en þú hafðir ekki at, but thou didst not stir, didst take it tamely;
    absol., viltu þess freista, ok vita hvat at hafi, wilt thou try and see what happens?;
    hafa e-t at hlífiskildi (skotspœni), to use as a shield (as a target);
    hafa e-n háði, hlátri, to mock, laugh at;
    hafa e-t at engu, vettugi, to hold for naught, take no notice of;
    hafa sakir á e-n have charges against one;
    hafa á rás, to take to one’s heels, run off;
    hafa e-t fram, to produce (vápn þorgils vóru fram höfð); to carry out, hold forth;
    hafa mál fram, to proceed with a suit;
    var um búit, ekki fram haft, all was made ready but nothing done;
    hafa e-t frammi, í frammi, to use, make use of (hafa í frammi kúgan);
    ok öll lögmæt skil frammi hafa, and discharge all on official duties;
    hafa e-t fyrir satt, to hold for true;
    eigi em ek þar fyrir sönnu hafðr, I am not truly aimed for that, it is a false charge;
    hafa e-n fyrir sökum um e-t, to charge one with;
    hafa í hótum við e-n, to threaten one;
    hafa e-t með höndum, to have in hand;
    höfum eiai sigrinn ór hendi, let not victory slip out of our hands;
    hafa ór við e-n, to behave so and so towards one (hefir þú illa ór haft við mik);
    hafa e-t til e-s to use for (höfðu þeir til varnar skot ok spjót); to be a reason or ground for;
    vér hyggjum þat til þess haft vera, at þar hafi menn sézt, we believe the foundation of the story is that men have been seen there;
    hafa mikit (lítit) til síns máls, to have much (little) in support of one’s case;
    hafa e-t til, to have at hand, possess;
    orð þau, sem hann hafði um haft, the words which he had used;
    keisari hafði fátt um, did not say much;
    hafa e-n undir, to get one under, subdue one;
    hafa e-t uppi, to take (heave) up (hafa uppi fœri, net);
    Skarpheðinn hafði uppi øxina, S. heaved up the axe;
    hafa flokk uppi, to raise a party, to rebel;
    hafa uppi tafl, to play at a game;
    hafa e-n uppi, to bring one to light;
    hafa uppi rœður, to begin a discussion;
    hafa e-t úti, to have done, finished (hafa úti sitt dagsverk);
    hafa við e-m, to be a match for one;
    hafa sik við, to exert oneself;
    hafa mikit (lítit) við, to make a great (little) display;
    hann söng messu ok bafði mikit við, and made much of it;
    hann bad jarl leita, bann hafði lítit við þat, he did it lightly;
    haf ekki slíkt við, do not say so;
    haf þú lítit við at eggja sonu þina, refrain from egging on thy sons;
    15) refl., hafast.
    * * *
    pret. hafði; subj. hefði; pres. sing. hefi (less correctly hefir), hefir, hefir; plur. höfum, hafit, hafa: the mod. pres. sing. is monosyllabic hefr or hefur, and is used so in rhymes—andvara engan hefur | … við glys heims gálaus sefur, Pass. 15. 6, but in print the true old form hefir is still retained; the monosyllabic present is used even by old writers in the 1st pers. before the personal or negative suffix, e. g. hef-k and hef-k-a ek for hefi-g and hefig-a ek, see e. g. Grág. (Kb.) 79, 82, in the old oath formula, hef-k eigi, Hallfred; hef ek, Fms. iii. 10 (in a verse); but not so in 3rd pers., e. g. hefir-a or hefir-at, Grág. l. c.: imperat. haf, hafðu: part. pass. hafðr, neut. haft;—hafat is an απ. λεγ., Vsp. 16, and is prob. qs. hafit from hefja, to heave, lift: [Ulf. haban; A. S. habban; Engl. have; Hel. hebben; Germ. haben; Dutch hebben; Dan. have, Swed. hafva: it is curious the Lat. form habere retains the consonant unchanged, cp. the Romance forms, Ital. avere, Fr. avoir, Span. haber, etc. ☞ Hafa is a weak verb, and thus distinguished from hefja (to lift, begin), which is a strong verb, answering to Lat. capere, incipere; but in sundry cases, as will be seen below, it passes into the sense of this latter word; as also in some instances into that of another lost strong verb, hafa, hóf, to behave, and hœfa, to hit]:—to have.
    A. To have; hann hafði með sér ekki meira lið, Fms. i. 39; hafði hverr hirð um sik, 52; höfðu þeir áttján skip, viii. 42; Sverrir hafði tvau hundrað manna, … þeir höfðu annan samnað á landi, 328; hann hafði mikit lið ok frítt, x. 36; þeir höfðu sjau skip ok flest stór, 102; hafa fjölmennar setur, Eb. 22; hann hafði menn sína í síldveri, Eg. 42; mun ek naut hafa þar sem mér þykkir hagi beztr, 716.
    II. to hold:
    1. to keep, celebrate; hafa ok halda, Dipl. i. 6; hafa átrúnað, 10; hafa dóma, 12; hafa blót, Fms. iv. 254; hafa vina-veizlu, id.; hafa vina-boð, Nj. 2; hafa Jóla-boð, Eg. 516; hafa þing, Fms. ix. 449; hafa haust-boð, Gísl. 27; hafa drykkju, Eb. 154; hafa leik, Fms. x. 201, passim.
    2. to hold, observe; hlýðir þat hvergi at hafa eigi lög í landi, Nj. 149; skal þat hafa, er stendr …, Grág. i. 7; skal þat allt hafa er finsk á skrá þeirri …, id.; en hvatki es mis-sagt es í fræðum þessum, þá es skylt at hafa þat (to keep, hold to be true) es sannara reynisk, Íb. 3; ok hafða ek (I kept, selected) þat ór hvárri er framarr greindi, Landn. 320, v. l.
    3. to hold, keep, retain; ef hann vill hafa hann til fardaga, Grág. i. 155; skal búandinn hafa hann hálfan mánuð, 154; ok hafði hvárr þat er hélt á, Nj. 279; hitt skal hafa er um fram er, Rb. 56; kasta í burt þrjátigi ok haf þat sem eptir verðr, 494.
    4. to hold an office; hafa lögsögu, to hold the office of lögsaga, Íb. passim; hafa jarldóm, konungdóm, passim; þat höfðu haft at fornu Dana-konungar, Eg. 267; þér berit konunga-nöfn svá sem fyrr hafa haft ( have had) forfeðr yðrir, en hafit lítið af ríki, Fms. i. 52; hafa ríki, to reign, Hkr. pref.
    5. phrases, hafa elda, to keep a fire, cook, Fms. xi. 129; hafa fjárgæzlu, to tend sheep, Eg. 740; hafa embætti með höndum, Stj. 204; hafa gæzlur á e-u, Fms. ix. 313; hafa … vetr, to have so many winters, be of such an age (cp. Fr. avoir … ans), Íb. 15; margir höfðu lítið fátt þúsund ára, Ver. 7: hafa vörn í máli, Nj. 93; hafa e-t með höndum, to have in hand, Fms. viii. 280, ix. 239; hafa e-t á höndum, Grág. i. 38; hafa fyrir satt, to hold for true, Fms. xi. 10; hafa við orð, to intimate, suggest, Nj. 160; hafa e-t at engu, vettugi, to hold for naught, take no notice of, Fas. i. 318.
    6. with prepp. or infin.,
    α. with prep.; hafa til, to have, possess; ef annarr þeirra hefir til enn annarr eigi, þá er sá skyldr til at fá honum er til hefir, Grág. i. 33; ef annarr hefir til …, id.; þér ætlið at ek muna eigi afl til hafa, Ld. 28.
    β. with infin.; hafa at varðveita, to have in keeping, Eg. 500; lög hafit þér at mæla, you have the law on your tongue, i. e. you are right, Nj. 101; hörð tíðindi hefi ek at segja þér, 64; sá er gripinn hefir at halda, Grág. i. 438; hafa at selja, to have on sale, Ld. 28.
    III. to use; var haft til þess sker eitt, Eb. 12; þá höfðu þeir til varnar skot ok spjót, Fms. vii. 193; er þín ráð vóru höfð, that thy advice was taken, Fs. 57; Gríss hafði þessi ráð, Fms. iii. 21; ek vil at þat sé haft er ek legg til, x. 249; þykki mér þú vel hafa ( make good use of) þau tillög er ek legg fyrir þik, xi. 61; til þess alls er jarli þótti skipta, þá hafði hann þessa hluti, 129; tvau ný (net), ok hafa eigi höfð verit ( which have not been used), haf þú ( take) hvárt er þú vilt, Háv. 46; þær vil ek hafa enar nýju, en ek vil ekki hætta til at hafa enar fornu, id.; önnur er ný ok mikil ok hefir ( has) til einskis höfð ( used) verið, id.; buðkr er fyrir húslker er hafðr, Vm. 171; gjalda vápn þau er höfð eru, N. G. L. i. 75; þat hafði hann haft ( used) fyrir skála, Edda 29; þeir vóru hafðir til at festa með hús jafnan, Nj. 118; sá hólmr var hafðr til at …, Fms. i. 218; hann skyldi hafa hinn sama eið, x. 7; orð þau sem hann hafði ( had) um haft ( used), Nj. 56; orð þau er hann hafði ( made use of) í barnskírn, K. Þ. K. 14.
    2. more special phrases; hafa fagrmæli við e-n, to flatter one, Nj. 224; hafa hljóðmæli við e-n, to speak secretly to one, 223; allmikil fjölkyngi mun vera við höfð áðr svá fái gört, Edda 27; hafa mörg orð um e-t, Ld. 268; hafa tvímæli á e-u, to discuss, doubt, speak diffidently of a thing, Lv. 52; hafa viðrmæli um e-t, to use mocking words, Nj. 89; hafa nafn Drottins í hégóma, to take the Lord’s name in vain, Fms. i. 310; (hann var) mjök hafðr við mál manna, much used to, versed in lawsuits, Dropl. 8: hafa sik til e-s, to use oneself to a thing, i. e. to do a mean, paltry thing; þeir er til þess vilja hafa sik, at ganga í samkundur manna úboðit, Gþl. 200; ef hann vill sik til þessa hafa, Fms. i. 99: hafa sik við, to exert oneself; skaltú ok verða þik við at hafa um þetta mál, ef þú getr þat af þér fært, Grett. 160: hafa e-n at skotspæni, to use one as a target, Nj. 222; hafa e-n at hlífi-skildi sér, to use one as a shield, 262; hafa e-n at ginningar-fifli, auga-bragði, háði, hlátri, Hm. 133, Nj. 224, passim.
    IV. to have, hold, maintain, of a state or condition; hafa vináttu við e-n, to maintain friendship with one, Sks. 662; hafa vanmátt, to continue sick, Eg. 565; hafa hættu-mikit, to run a great risk, Nj. 149; hafa vitfirring, to be insane, Grág. i. 154; hafa heilindi, to have good health, 26, Hm. 67; hafa burði til e-s, to have the birthright to a thing. Eg. 479; hafa hug, áræði, hyggindi, to have the courage …, Hom. 28; hafa vit ( to know), skyn, greind … á e-u, to have understanding of a thing; hafa gaman, gleði, skemtun, ánægju af e-u, to have interest or pleasure in a thing; hafa leiða, ógeð, andstygð, hatr, óbeit á e-u, to dislike, be disgusted with, hate a thing; hafa elsku, mætr, virðing á e-u, to love, esteeem … a thing; hafa allan hug á e-u, to bend the mind to a thing; hafa grun á e-m, to suspect one; hafa ótta, beyg af e-u, to fear a thing; and in numberless other phrases.
    2. with prepp.:
    α. hafa e-t frammi (fram), to carry out, hold forth; hafa frammi róg, Nj. 166; hafa mál fram, to proceed with a suit, 101; stefnu-för, 78; heitstrengingar, Fms. xi. 103; ok öll lögmælt skil frammi hafa, and discharge all one’s official duties, 232; var um búit en ekki fram haft, all was made ready, but nothing done, viii. 113; beini má varla verða betri en hér er frammi hafðr, xi. 52; hafðú í frammi ( use) kúgan við þá uppi við fjöllin, Ísl. ii. 215; margir hlutir, þó at hann hafi í frammi, Sks. 276.
    β. hafa mikit, lítið fyrir e-u, to have much, little trouble about a thing; (hence fyrir-höfn, trouble.)
    γ. hafa við e-m (afl or the like understood), to be a match for one, Fms. vii. 170, Lv. 109, Nj. 89, Eg. 474, Anal. 176; hafa mikit, lítið við, to make a great, little display; (hence við-höfn, display, pomp); hann söng messu ok hafði mikit við, he sang mass and made a great thing of it, Nj. 157; þú hefir mikit við, thou makest a great show of it, Boll. 351; hann bað jarl leita, hann hafði lítið við þat, he did it lightly, Nj. 141; haf ekki slíkt við, do not say so, Ld. 182.
    B. To take, carry off, win, wield, [closely akin to Lat. capere]:
    I. to catch, take, esp. in the phrase, hafa ekki e-s, to miss one; hann kemsk á skóg undan, ok höfðu þeir hans ekki, he took to the forest and they missed him, Nj. 130; ekki munu vér hans hafa at sinni, we sha’nt catch him at present, Fms. vi. 278; hafða ek þess vætki vífs, Hm. 101; þeygi ek hana at heldr hefik, 95: in swearing, tröll, herr, gramir hafi þik, the trolls, ghosts, etc. take thee! tröll hafi líf, ef …, Kormak; tröll hafi Trefót allan! Grett. (in a verse); tröll hafi þína vini, tröll hafi hól þitt, Nj.; herr hafi Þóri til slægan, confound the wily Thorir! Fms. vi. 278, v. l. (emended, as the phrase is wrongly explained in Fms. xii. Gloss.); gramir hafi þik! vide gramr.
    II. to carry, carry off, bring; hafði einn hjartað í munni sér, one carried the heart off in his mouth, Nj. 95; hann hafði þat ( brought it) norðan með sér, Eg. 42; hafði Þórólfr heim marga dýrgripi, 4; hann hafði með sér skatt allan, 62; skaltú biðja hennar ok hafa hana heim hingat, Edda 22; fé þat er hann hafði ( had) út haft ( carried from abroad), Gullþ. 13; á fimm hestum höfðu þeir mat, Nj. 74; bókina er hann hafði ( had) út haft, Fms. vii. 156; konungr hafði biskup norðr til Björgynjar með sér, viii. 296; biskup lét hann hafa með sér kirkju-við ok járn-klukku, Landn. 42; hann hafði með sér skulda-lið sitt ok búferli, Eb. 8; hann tók ofan hofit, ok hafði með sér flesta viðu, id.; ok hafa hana í brott, Fms. i. 3; tekr upp barnit, ok hefir heim með sér, Ísl. ii. 20; hann hafði lög út hingat ór Noregi, he brought laws hither from Norway, Íb. 5; haf þú heim hvali til bæjar, Hým. 26; ok hafa hann til Valhallar, Nj. 119.
    III. to take, get; hann hafði þá engan mat né drykk, he took no food nor drink, Eg. 602; hann hafði eigi svefn, he got no sleep, Bs. i. 139.
    2. to get, gain, win; öfluðu sér fjár, ok höfðu hlutskipti mikit, Eg. 4; eigi þarftú at biðja viðsmjörs þess, þvíat hann mun þat alls ekki hafa, né þú, for neither he nor thou shall get it, Blas. 28; jarl vill hafa minn fund, he will have a meeting with me, 40, Skv. 1. 4: the sayings, hefir sá jafnan er hættir, he wins that risks, ‘nothing venture, nothing have,’ Hrafn. 16; sá hefir krás er krefr, Sl. 29.
    3. phrases, hafa meira hlut, to get the better lot, gain the day, Nj. 90, Fms. xi. 93; hafa gagn, sigr, to gain victory, ix. 132, Eg. 7, Hkr. i. 215, Ver. 38; hafa betr, to get the better; hafa verr, miðr, to have the worst of it, Fms. v. 86, Þorst. S. St. 48, passim; hafa mál sitt, to win one’s suit, Grág. i. 7, Fms. vii. 34; hafa kaup öll, to get all the bargain, Eg. 71; hafa tafl, to win the game, Fms. vii. 219; hafa erendi, to do one’s errand, succeed, Þkv. 10, 11, Fas. ii. 517: hafa bana, to have one’s bane, to die, Nj. 8; hafa úsigr, to be worsted, passim; hafa úfrið, to have no peace; hafa gagn, sóma, heiðr, neisu, óvirðing, skömm, etc. af e-u, to get profit, gain, honour, disgrace, etc. from a thing; hafa e-n í helju, to put one to death, Al. 123; hafa e-n undir, to get one under, subdue him, Nj. 95, 128; höfum eigi, sigrinn ór hendi, let not victory slip out of our hands, Fms. v. 294.
    4. to get, receive; hann hafði góðar viðtökur, Nj. 4; hón skal hafa sex-tigi hundraða, 3; skyldi Högni hafa land, 118; selja skipit, ef hann hafði þat fyrir ( if he could get for it) sem hann vildi; Flosi spurði í hverjum aurum hann vildi fyrir hafa, hann kvaðsk vildu fyrir hafa land, 259; hafa tíðindi, sögur af e-m, to have, get tidings of or from one, Ld. 28; hafa sæmd, metorð óvirðing, to get honour, disgrace from one’s hands, Nj. 101; hafa bætr, to get compensation, Grág. i. 188; hafa innstæðuna eina, id.; hafa af e-m, to have the best of one, cheat one.
    IV. to carry, wear, of clothes, ornaments, weapons:
    1. of clothes, [cp. Lat. habitus and Icel. höfn = gear]; hafa hatt á höfði, Ld. 28; hafa váskufl yztan klæða, … þú skalt hafa undir ( wear beneath) hin góðu klæði þín, Nj. 32; hann hafði blán kyrtil, … hann hafði svartan kyrtil, Boll. 358; hafa fald á höfði, to wear a hood; hón hafði gaddan rautt á höfði, Orkn. 304; hann hafði um sik breitt belti, he wore a broad belt, Nj. 91; hafa fingr-gull á hendi, 146: to have about one’s person, vefja saman ok hafa í pungi sínum, Edda 27; hlutir sem mönnum var títt at hafa, Fms. xi. 128.
    2. of weapons, to wield, carry; spjót þat er þú hefir í hendi, Boll. 350; hafa kylfu í hendi sér, to have a club in one’s hand, Fms. xi. 129; hafa staf í hendi, to have a stick in the hand, Bárð.; Gunnarr hafði atgeirinn ok sverðit, Kolskeggr hafði saxit, Hjörtr hafði alvæpni, Nj. 93; hann hafdi öxi snaghyrnda, Boll. 358; hann hafði kesjuna fyrir sér, he held the lance in rest, Eg. 532.
    V. here may be added a few special phrases; hafa hendr fyrir sér, to grope, feel with the hands (as in darkness); hafa vit fyrir sér, to act wisely; hafa at sér hendina, to draw one’s hand back, Stj. 198; hafa e-t eptir, to do or repeat a thing after one, Konr.; hafa e-t yfir, to repeat (of a lesson): hafa sik, to betake oneself; hafa sik til annarra landa, Grett. 9 new Ed.; hann vissi varla hvar hann átti at hafa sik, he knew not where ( whither) to betake himself, Bs. i. 807; hefir hann sik aptr á stað til munklífisins, Mar.
    C. Passing into the sense of hefja (see at the beginning); hafa e-t uppi, to heave up, raise; hafa flokk uppi, to raise a party, to rebel, Fb. ii. 89: hafa uppi færi, net, a fisherman’s term, to heave up, take up the net or line, Háv. 46; Skarphéðinn hafði uppi ( heaved up) öxina, Nj. 144: hafa uppi tafl, to play at a game, Vápn. 29; þar vóru mjök töfl uppi höfð ok sagna-skemtan, Þorf. Karl. 406, v. l.: hafa e-n uppi, to hold one up, bring him to light; svá máttu oss skjótast uppi hafa, Fær. 42: metaph. to reveal, vándr riddari hafði allt þegar uppi, Str. 10.
    2. with the notion to begin; Bárðr hafði uppi orð sín ( began his suit) ok bað Sigríðar, Eg. 26, Eb. 142; hafa upp stefnu, to begin the summons, Boll. 350; hafa upp ræður, to begin a discussion; ræður þær er hann hafði uppi haft við Ingigerði, Fms. iv. 144, where the older text in Ó. H. reads umræður þær er hann hafði upp hafit (from hefja), 59; cp. also Vsp., þat langniðja-tal mun uppi hafat (i. e. hafit) meðan öld lifir, 16, (cp. upp-haf, beginning); þó at ek hafa síðarr um-ræðu um hann, better þó at ek hafa (i. e. hefja) síðarr upp ræðu um hann, though I shall below treat of, discuss that, Skálda (Thorodd) 168; er lengi hefir uppi verit haft síðan (of a song), Nj. 135; cp. also phrases such as, hafa á rás, to begin running, take to one’s heels, Fms. iv. 120, ix. 490; næsta morgin hefir út fjörðinn, the next morning a breeze off land arose, Bs. ii. 48: opp. is the phrase, hafa e-t úti, to have done, finished; hafa úti sitt dags-verk, Fms. xi. 431; hafa úti sekt sína, Grett. 149.
    D. Passing into the sense of a lost strong verb, hafa, hóf (see at the beginning), to behave, do, act:
    I. with an adverb, hafa vel, ílla, or the like, to behave, and in some instances to do well or badly, be happy or unhappy,
    α. to behave; en nú vil ek eigi verr hafa en þú, Fms. iv. 342; þeir sögðu at konungr vildi verr hafa en þeir, 313; hefir þú ílla ór (málum or the like understood) haft við mik, Fs. 140; ólikr er Gísli öðrum í þolinmæði, ok hefir hann betr en vér, Gísl. 28.
    β. to do so and so (to be happy, unhappy); verr hafa þeir er trygðum slitu, Mkv. 3; ílla hefir sá er annan svíkr, 18; vel hefir sá er þat líða lætr, 6; vel hefir sá ( he is happy) er eigi bíðr slíkt íllt þessa heims, Fms. v. 145; hvílíkt hefir þú, how dost thou? Mar.; hafa hart, to do badly, to be wretched; at sál Þorgils mætti fyrir þær sakir eigi hart hafa, Sturl. iii. 292, Mar.; Ólafr hafði þá hölzti ílla, O. was very poorly, D. N. ii. 156; þykisk sá bezt hafa ( happiest) er fyrstr kemr heim, Fms. xi. 248; þá hefir hann bazt af hann þegir, i. e. that is the best he can do if he holds his tongue, Hm. 19; þess get ek at sá hafi verr ( he will make a bad bargain) er þik flytr, Nj. 128; úlfgi hefir ok vel, the wolf is in a bad plight, Ls. 39; mun sá betr hafa er eigi tekr við þér, id.; betr hefðir þú, ef …, thou wouldest do better, if …, Akv. 16.
    γ. adding sik; hafa sik vel, to behave well, Fms. x. 415, Stj. 436.
    II. with the prep. at, to do, act, (hence at-höfn, at-hæfi, act, doing); hann lét ekki til búa vígs-málit ok engan hlut at hafa, Nj. 71; en ef þeim þykkir of lítið féit tekit, þá skulu þeir hafa at hit sama, to act in the same way, Grág. ii. 267; hvatki es þeir hafa at, Fms. xi. 132; hann tók af þér konuna, en þú hafðir ekki at, but thou didst not stir, didst take it tamely, Nj. 33; bæði munu menn þetta kalla stórvirki ok íllvirki, en þó má nú ekki at hafa, but there is no help for it, 202; eigi sýnisk mér meðal-atferðar-leysi, at vér höfum eigi at um kvámur hans, i. e. that we submit tamely to his coming, Fs. 32: absol., viltú þess freista, ok vita þá hvat at hafi, wilt thou try and see how it will do? Bjarn. 27; en nú skaltú fara fyrir, ok vita hvat at hafi, Bs. i. 712.
    III. phrases, hafa hátt, to be noisy, talk loud, Fms. i. 66; við skulum ekki hafa hátt ( do not cry loud) hér er maðr á glugganum, a lullaby song; hafa lágt, to keep silent; hafa hægt, to keep quiet; hafa sik á (í) hófi, to compose oneself, Ls. 36; hafa í hótum við e-n, to use threatening ( foul) language, Fb. i. 312; hafa í glett við e-n, to banter one, Fms. viii. 289; hafa íllt at verki, to do a bad deed, Ísl. ii. 184.
    E. Passing into the sense of the verb hæfa (see at the beginning), to aim at, hit, with dat.:
    I. to hit; svá nær hafði hausinum, at …, the shot so nearly hit the head, that …, Fms. ii. 272; þat sama forað, sem henni hafði næst váða, those very precipices from which she had so narrow an escape, Bs. i. 200, Fms. ix. 357; nær hafði nú, at skjótr mundi verða okkarr skilnaðr, Al. 124; nær hafði okkr nú, it struck near us, it was a narrow escape, Fms. viii. 281; kvaðsk svá dreymt hafa ( have dreamed), at þeim mundi nær hafa, ix. 387, v. l.; ok er nær hafði at skipit mundi fljóta, when the ship was on the point of floating, Ld. 58; ok hafði svá nær (it was within a hair’s breadth), at frændr Þorvalds mundu ganga at honum, Nj. 160; ok hafði svá nær at þeir mundi berjask, Íb. 11, cp. Bs. i. 21: the phrase, fjarri hefir, far from it! Edda (in a verse).
    2. to charge; eigi em ek þar fyrir sönnu hafðr, I am not truly aimed at for that, ‘tis a false charge, Eg. 64; þeim manni er fyrir sökum er hafðr, i. e. the culprit, Grág. i. 29; cp. the mod. phrase, hafa á e-u, to make a charge of a thing; það varð ekki á því haft, they could not make a case for a charge of it.
    II. metaph. to be the ground or reason for, (hence til-hæfa, reason, fact, foundation); til þess ætla vitrir menn þat haft at Ísland sé Tile (i. e. Thule) kallað, at …, learned men suppose that is the reason that Iceland is called Thule, that …, Landn. (pref.); mikit mun til haft, er einmæli er um (there must be some reason for it, because all people say so), Þorgils segir, eigi er fyrir haft ( there is no ground whatever for it), at ek mæla betr fyrir griðum en aðrir menn, Ísl. ii. 379; vér hyggjum þat til þess haft vera, at þar hafi menn sésk, we believe the substance of the story is that men have been seen there, Fms. xi. 158; hvat er til þess haft um þat (what is the truth of the matter?), hefir sundr-þykki orðit með ykkr? Boll. 364: in the saying, hefir hverr til síns ágætis nokkut, every one gets his reputation for something, Nj. 115.
    2. to happen, coincide; hefir svá til, at hann var þar sjálfr, Fms. xi. 138, v. l.
    β. the phrase, hafa mikit (lítið) til síns máls, to have much ( little) reason for one’s tale, i. e. to be much, little, in the right, Fms. vii. 221, xi. 138 (v. l.), Nj. 88: um þenna hefir svá stórum, it matters so much with this man, (v. l. for mun stórum skipta), Fms. xi. 311.
    F. REFLEX. to keep, dwell, abide, but only of a temporary shelter or abode, cp. Lat. habitare, (cp. also höfn, a haven); hann hefsk á náttartíma niðri í vötnum, at night-time he keeps down in the water, Stj. 77: to live, þeir höfðusk mjök í kaupferðum, they spent much of their life in travelling, Hkr. i. 276; hann hafðisk löngum í bænum, Bs. i. 353.
    β. with prep. við; hér mun ek við hafask ( I will stay here) en þú far til konungs, Fb. ii. 125; hafðisk hann við á skógum eðr í öðrum fylgsnum, 302; því at hann hafðisk þá á skipum við, Fms. viii. 44; hvílsk heldr ok hafsk við í því landi, rest and stay in that land, Stj. 162; Ásgeirr hafðisk við uppi í dalnum, Sd. 154; hafask lind fyrir, to cover oneself with a shield (?), Vsp. 50; hafask hlífar fyrir, to be mailed in armour, Hkm. 11.
    2. hafask at, to do, behave (cp. D. above); vóru þeir þá svá móðir, at þeir máttu ekki at hafask, Fms. ii. 149; en síðan skulut þér at hafa slíkt sem ek kann fyrir segja, i. 158; þat eitt munu við at hafask, at ek mun betr göra en þú, Nj. 19; Lambi sá hvat Steinarr hafðisk at, Eg. 747.
    3. hafask vel, to do well, thrive; vaxa ok vel hafask, to wax and do well, Hm. 142; nú er þat bæn mín, at þér hafisk við vel, that you bear yourself well up, Fms. ix. 497; Jungfrúin hafðisk vel við í ferðinni, x. 86; at fé hans mundi eigi hafask at betr at meðal-vetri, Grág. ii. 326.
    4. recipr., hafask orð við, to speak to one another; ok er þat ósiðlegt, at menn hafisk eigi orð við, Fs. 14; þar til er þeir hafask réttar tölur við, N. G. L. i. 182.
    II. part. hafandi is used in the sense of having conceived, being with child; þá verit hann varr við at hón var hafandi, 656 B. 14; hón skyldi verða hafandi at Guðs syni, id.; generally, allt þat er hafanda var lét burð sinn ok ærðisk, Fms. vii. 187; svá sem hón verðr at honum hafandi, Stj. 178; (hence barns-hafandi, being with child.)
    G. The word hafa is in the Icel., as in other Teut. languages, used as an auxiliary verb with a part. pass. of another verb, whereby a compound preterite and pluperfect are formed as follows:
    I. in transitive verbs with acc. the participle also was put in acc., agreeing in gender, number, and case with the objective noun or pronoun; this seems to have been a fixed rule in the earliest time, and is used so in all old poems down at least to the middle of the 11th century, to the time of Sighvat (circ. A. D. 990–1040), who constantly used the old form,—átt is an apostrophe for átta in the verse Ó. H. 81:
    1. references from poets, Gm. 5, 12, 16; þá er forðum mik fædda höfðu, Vsp. 2; hverr hefði lopt lævi blandit eðr ætt jötuns Óðs mey gefna, 29; þær’s í árdaga áttar höfðu, 60: ek hafða fengna konungs reiði, Ad. 3; en Grjótbjörn um gnegðan hefir, 18; mik hefir marr miklu ræntan, Stor. 10; þó hefir Míms-vinr mér um fengnar bölva bætr, 22: gaupur er Haraldr hafi sveltar, Hornklofi: Loka mær hefir leikinn allvald, Ýt. 7; sá hafði borinn brúna-hörg, 14; jarlar höfðu veginn hann, 15: ek hef orðinn ( found) þann guðföðr (verða is here used as trans.), Hallfred; höfum kera framðan, id.: hann hefir litnar, sénar, hár bárur, Ísl. ii. 223, thus twice in a verse of A. D. 1002; göngu hefik of gengna, Korm. (in a verse); hann hafði farna för, Hkr. i. (Glum Geirason); ek hefi talðar níu orustur, Sighvat; þú hefir vanðan þik, id.; ér hafit rekna þá braut, Ó. H. 63 (Óttar Svarti); hann hefir búnar okkr hendr skrautliga, Sighvat (Ó. H. 13); þeir hafa færð sín höfuð Knúti, id.; hvar hafit ér hugðan mér sess, id.; hafa sér kenndan enn nørðra heims enda, id.; Sighvatr hefir lattan gram, id.; hefir þú hamar um fólginn, Þkv. 7, 8; þú hefir hvatta okkr, Gkv. 6; ek hefi yðr brennda, Am. 39, cp. 56; hefi ek þik minntan, 81; hefir þú hjörtu tuggin, Akv. 36; hefir þú mik dvalðan, Hbl. 51; ek hefi hafðar þrár, I have had throes, Fsm. 51; en ek hann görvan hef-k, svá hefi ek studdan, 12 (verse 13 is corrupt); hann hefir dvalða þik, Hkv. Hjörv. 29; lostna, 30; mik hefir sóttan meiri glæpr, 32; ek hefi brúði kerna, id.; þú hefir etnar úlfa krásir, opt sár sogin, Hkv. 1. 36; sá er opt hefir örnu sadda, 35; hefir þú kannaða koni óneisa, 23; þá er mik svikna höfðut, Skv. 3. 55; hann hafði getna sonu, Bkv. 8; þann sal hafa halir um görvan, Fm. 42; bróður minn hefir þú benjaðan, 25; er hann ráðinn hefir, 37; sjaldan hefir þú gefnar vargi bráðir, Eg. (in a verse).
    2. references from prose; this old form has since been turned into an indecl. neut. sing. part. -it. The old form was first lost in the strong verbs and the weak verbs of the first conjugation: in the earliest prose both forms are used, although the indecl. is more freq. even in the prose writers, as Íb., the Heiðarv. S., the Miracle-book in Bs., Njála, Ó. H., (Thorodd seems only to use the old form,) as may be seen from the following references, Björn hafði særða þrjá menn, Nj. 262; hann mundi hana hafa gipta honum, 47; hann hafði þá leidda saman hestana, 264: ek hefi sendan mann, Ísl. (Heiðarv. S.) ii. 333; ek nefi senda menn, id.: hafa son sinn ór helju heimtan, Bs. (Miracle-book) i. 337; en er þeir höfðu niðr settan sveininn, 349; hann hafði veidda fimm tegu fiska, 350: er þér hefir ílla neisu gorva, Ó. H. 107: þá hefi ek fyrri setta þá í stafrófi, Skálda (Thorodd) 161; þar hefi ek við görva þessa stafi fjóra, id.; hafa hann samsettan, 167: góða fylgd hefir þú mér veitta, Þorst Síðu H. 2: sagði, at Ólafr konungr hafði sendan hann, Bs. i. 11: Þyri, er hertogi hafði festa nauðga, Fms. x. 393 (Ágrip): hefi ek þá svá signaða ok magnaða, v. 236: hefir sólin gengna tvá hluti, en einn úgenginn, K. Þ. K. 92 (Lund’s Syntax, p. 12).
    β. again, neut. indecl., hana hafði átt fyrr Þoróddr, Ísl. ii. 192: hón hafði heimt húskarl sinn …, Ísl. (Heiðarv. S.) ii. 339; hann hefir ekki svá vel gyrt hest minn, 340; hefir þú eigi séð mik, 341; hve hann hafði lokkat hann. id.; gistingar hefi ek yðr fengit, 343: þeir höfðu haft úfrið ok orrostur, Íb. 12; hann hafði tekið lögsögu, 14: stafr er átt hafði Þorlákr, Bs. (Miracle-book) i. 340; er þær höfðu upp tekit ketilinn ok hafit …, 342; göngu es hann hafði gingit, 344; es sleggjuna hafði niðr fellt, 346; sem maðr hefði nýsett (hana) niðr, id.; jartein þá er hann þóttisk fingit hafa, 347; hafði prestrinn fært fram sveininn, 349: hjálm er Hreiðmarr hafði átt, Edda 73: hafa efnt sína heitstrenging, Fms. (Jómsv. S.) xi. 141: slíkan dóm sem hann hafði mér hugat, Ó. H. 176, etc. passim:—at last the inflexion disappeared altogether, and so at the present time the indecl. neut. sing. is used throughout; yet it remains in peculiar instances, e. g. konu hefi eg mér festa, Luke xiv. 20, cp. Vídal. ii. 21. ☞ This use of the inflexive part. pass. may often serve as a test of the age of a poem, e. g. that Sólarljóð was composed at a later date may thus be seen from verses 27, 64, 72, 73, 75, 79; but this test is to be applied with caution, as the MSS. have in some cases changed the true forms (-inn, -ann, and -it, -an being freq. abbreviated in the MSS. so as to render the reading dubious). In many cases the old form is no doubt to be restored, e. g. in vegit to veginn, Fm. 4, 23; búit to búinn, Hkv. Hjörv. 15; borit to borinn, Hkv. 1. 1; beðit to beðinn, Fsm. 48; orðit to orðin, Og. 23; roðit to roðinn, Em. 5; brotið to brotinn, Vkv. 24, etc.: but are we to infer from Ls. 23, 26, 33, that this poem is of a comparatively late age?
    II. the indecl. neut. sing. is, both in the earliest poems and down to the present day, used in the following cases:
    1. with trans. verbs requiring the dat. or gen.; ek hefi fengit e-s, hann hafði fengit konu; hafa hefnt e-s, Fms. xi. 25; sú er hafði beðit fjár, Þkv. 32; stillir hefir stefnt mér, Hkv. Hjörv. 33, and so in endless cases.
    2. in the reflex. part. pass.; þeir (hann) hafa (hefir) látisk, farisk, sagsk, etc.
    3. in part. of intrans. neut. verbs, e. g. þeir þær (hann, hón), hafa (hefir) setið, staðit, gengit, legit, farit, komit, verit, orðit, lifað, dáit, heitið …, also almost in every line both of prose and poetry.
    4. in trans. verbs with a neut. sing. in objective case the difference cannot be seen.
    ☞ The compound preterite is common to both the Romance and Teutonic languages, and seems to be older in the former than in the latter; Grimm suggests that it originated with the French, and thence spread to the Teutons. That it was not natural to the latter is shewn by the facts, that
    α. no traces of it are found in Gothic, nor in the earliest Old High German glossaries to Latin words.
    β. in the earliest Scandinavian poetry we can trace its passage from declinable to indeclinable.
    γ. remains are left in poetry of a primitive uncompounded preterite infinitive, e. g. stóðu = hafa staðit, mundu, skyldu, vildu, etc., see Gramm. p. xxv, col. 2. ☞ We may here note a curious dropping of the verb hefir, at ek em kominn hingat til lands, ok verit áðr ( having been) langa hríð utan-lands, Ó. H. 31, cp. Am. 52; barn at aldri, en vegit slíka hetju sem Þorvaldr var, Glúm. 382. On this interesting matter see Grimm’s remarks in his Gramm. iv. 146 sqq.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > HAFA

  • 11 AF

    of
    * * *
    prep. w. dat.
    I. Of place:
    1) off, from;
    G. hljóp af hesti sínum, G. jumped off his horse;
    ganga af mótinu, to go away from the meeting;
    Flosi kastaði af sér skikkjunni, threw off his cloak;
    Gizzur gekk af útsuðri at gerðinu, from the south-west;
    hann hafði leyst af sér skúa sína, he had taken off his shoes;
    Steinarr vildi slíta hann af sér, throw him off;
    tók Gísli þá af sér vápnin, took off his arms;
    bréf af Magnúsi konungi, a letter from king Magnus;
    hverr af öðrum, one after another, in succession;
    vil ek þú vinnir af þér skuldina, work off the debt;
    muntu enga sætt af mér fá, no peace at my hand;
    rísa af dauða, to rise from the dead;
    vakna af draumi, to awaken from a dream;
    lúka upp af hrossi, to open a gate from off a horse;
    vindr stóð af landi, the wind blew from the land;
    2) out of;
    verða tekinn af heimi, to be taken out of the world;
    gruflar hón af læknum, she scrambles out of the brook;
    Otradalr var mjök af vegi, far out of the way.
    Connected with út; föstudaginn fór út herrinn af borginni, marched out of the town.
    II. Of time; past, beyond:
    af ómagaaldri, able to support oneself, of age;
    ek em nú af léttasta skeiði, no longer in the prime of life;
    þá er sjau vikur eru af sumri, when seven weeks of summer are past;
    var mikit af nótt, much of the night was past.
    III. In various other relations:
    1) þiggja lið af e-m, to receive help from one;
    hafa umboð af e-m, to be another’s deputy;
    vera góðs (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good (bad) of one;
    féll þar lið mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind’s men fell there;
    þá eru þeir útlagir ok af goðorði sínu, have forfeited their goðorð;
    þá skalt þú af allri fjárheimtunni, forfeit all the claim;
    ek skal stefna þér af konunni, summon thee to give up;
    2) off, of;
    höggva fót, hönd, af e-m, to cut off one’s foot, hand;
    vil ek, at þú takir slíkt sem þér líkar af varningi, whatever you like of the stores;
    þar lá forkr einn ok brotit af endanum, with the point broken off;
    absol., beit hann höndina af, bit the hand off;
    fauk af höfuðit, the head flew off;
    3) of, among;
    hinn efniligasti maðr af ungum mönnum, the most promising of the young men;
    4) with;
    hláða, (ferma) skip af e-u, to load (freight) a ship with;
    fylla heiminn af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring;
    5) of (= ór which is more frequent);
    húsit var gert af timbr stokkum, was built of trunks of trees;
    6) fig., eigi vita menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has become of him;
    hvat hefir þú gert af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar?;
    7) denoting parentage, descent, origin;
    ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, are descended from them;
    kominn af Trójumönnum, descended from the Trojans;
    8) by, of (after passive);
    ek em sendr hingat af Starkaði, sent hither by;
    ástsæll af landsmónnum, beloved of;
    9) on account of, by reason of, by;
    úbygðr at frosti ok kulda, because of frost and cold;
    ómáli af áverkum, speechless from wounds;
    af ástæld hans, by his popularity;
    af því, therefore;
    af hví, wherefor why;
    af því at, because;
    10) by means of, by;
    framfœra e-n af verkum sínum, by means of his own labour;
    af sínu fé, by one’s own means;
    absol., hann fekk af hina mestu sœmd, derived great honour from it;
    11) with adjectives, in regard to;
    mildr af fé, liberal of money;
    góðr af griðum, merciful;
    12) used absol. with a verb, off away;
    hann bað hann þá róa af fjörðinn, to row the firth off;
    ok er þeir höfðu af fjörðung, when they had covered one forth of the way;
    sofa af nóttina, to sleep the night away.
    * * *
    prep. often used elliptically by dropping the case, or even merely adverbially, [Ulf. af; A. S. and Engl. of, off; Hel. ab; Germ. ab; Gr. άπό; Lat. a, ab.] With dat. denoting a motion a loco; one of the three prepp. af, ór, frá, corresponding to those in loco—á, í, við, and ad locum—á, í, at. It in general corresponds to the prepp. in loco—á, or in locum— til, whilst ór answers more to í; but it also frequently corresponds to yfir, um or í. It ranges between ór and frá, generally denoting the idea from the surface of, while ór means from the inner part, and frá from the outer part or border. The motion from a hill, plain, open place is thus denoted by af; by ór that from an enclosed space, depth, cavity, thus af fjalli, but ór of a valley, dale; af Englandi, but ór Danmörk, as mörk implies the notion of a deep wood, forest. The wind blows af landi, but a ship sets sail frá landi; frá landi also means a distance from: af hendi, of a glove, ring; ór hendi, of whatever has been kept in the hand (correl. to á hendi and í hendi). On the other hand af is more general, whilst frá and ór are of a more special character; frá denoting a departure, ór an impulse or force; a member goes home af þingi, whereas ór may denote an inmate of a district, or convey the notion of secession or exclusion from, Eb. 105 new Ed.; the traveller goes af landi, the exile ór landi: taka e-t af e-m is to take a thing out of one’s hand, that of taka frá e-m to remove out of one’s sight, etc. In general af answers to Engl. of, off, ór to out of, and frá to from: the Lat. prepp. ab, de, and ex do not exactly correspond to the Icelandic, yet as a rule ór may answer to ex, af sometimes to ab, sometimes to de. Of, off, from among; with, by; on account of by means of, because of concerning, in respect of.
    A. Loc.
    I. With motion, off, from:
    1. prop. corresp. to á,
    α. konungr dró gullhring af hendi sér (but á hendi), Ld. 32; Höskuldr lætr bera farm af skipi, unload the ship (but bera farm á skip), id.; var tekit af hestum þeirra, they were unsaddled, Nj. 4; Gunnarr hafði farit heiman af bæ sínum, he was away from home, 82; Gunnarr hljóp af hesti sínum, jumped off his horse (but hl. á hest), 83; hlaupa, stökkva af baki, id., 112, 264 ; Gunnarr skýtr til hans af boganum, from the bow, where af has a slight notion of instrumentality, 96; flýja af fundinum, to fly from off the battle-field, 102; ríða af Þríhyrningshálsum, 206; út af Langaholti, Eg. 744 ; sunnan ór Danmörk ok af Saxlandi, 560; ganga af mótinu, to go from the meeting, Fms. vii. 130; af þeirra fundi reis María upp ok fór, 625. 85 ; Flosi kastaði af ser skikkjunni, threw his cloak off him (but kasta á sik),Nj. 176; taka Hrungnis fót af honum, of a load, burden, Edda 58; land þat er hann fiskði af, from which he set off to fish, Grág. i. 151, is irregular, frá would suit better; slíta af baki e-s, from off one’s back, ii. 9 ; bera af borði, to clear the table, Nj. 75.
    β. where it more nearly answers to í; þeir koma af hafi, of sailors coming in (but leggja í haf), Nj. 128 ; fara til Noregs af Orkneyjum (but í or til O.), 131; þeim Agli fórst vel ok komu af hafi i Borgarfjörð, Eg. 392 ; hann var útlagi ( outlawed) af Noregi, where ór would be more regular, 344; af Islandi, of a traveller, Fms. x. 3; búa her af báðum ríkjunum, to take a levy from, 51; hinir beztu bændr ór Norðlendingafjórðungi ok af Sunnlendingafjórðungi, the most eminent Southerners and Northerners, 113; Gizzurr gékk af útsuðri at gerðinu, from south-west, Sturl. ii. 219; prestar af hvárutveggja biskupsdæmi, from either diocess, Dipl. ii. 11; verða tekinn af heimi, to be taken out of the world, 623. 21; gruflar hon af læknum, scrambles out of the brook, Ísl. ii. 340; Egill kneyfði af horninu í einum drykk, drained off the horn at one draught, literally squeezed every drop out of it, Eg. 557; brottuaf herbúðunurn, Fms. x. 343.
    γ. of things more or less surrounding the subject, corresp. to yfir or um; láta þeir þegar af sér tjöldin, break off, take down the tents in preparing for battle, Eg. 261; kyrtillinn rifnaði af honum, his coat burst, caused by the swollen body, 602; hann hafði leyst af sér skúa sína, he untied his shoes (but binda á sik), 716; Steinarr vildi slíta hann af sér, throw him off, of one clinging to one’s body, 747; tók Gísli þá af sér vápnin, took off his arms, Fms. vii. 39. Of putting off clothes; fara af kápu, Nj. 143; far þú eigi af brynjunni, Bs. i. 541; þá ætlaði Sigurðr at fara af brynjunni, id.; þá var Skarphéðinn flettr af klæðunum, Nj. 209: now more usually fara or klæðum, fötum, exuere, to undress.
    δ. connected with út; föstudaginn for út herrinn af borginni, marched out of the town, Nj. 274; ganga út af kirkjunni, to go out of the church, now út úr, Fms. vii. 107: drekki hann af þeirri jörðunni, of something impregnated with the earth, Laekn. 402.
    ε. more closely corresponding to frá, being in such cases a Latinism (now frá); bréf af páfa, a pope’s bull, Fms. x. 6; rit af hánum, letter from him, 623. 52; bréf af Magnúsi konungi, a letter from king Magnus, Bs. i. 712; farið þér á brautu af mér í eilífan eld, Hom. 143; brott af drottins augliti, Stj. 43.
    ζ. denoting an uninterrupted continuity, in such phrases as land aflandi, from land to land, Eg. 343, Fas. ii. 539; skip af skipl. from ship to ship, Fms. v. 10; brann hvat af öðru, one after another, of an increasing fire, destroying everything, i. 128; brandr af brandi brenn, funi kveykist af funa, one from another, Hm. 56; hverr af öðrum, one after another, in succession, also hverr at öðrum, Eb. 272, 280 (where at in both passages).
    2. metaph., at ganga af e-m dauðum, to go from, leave one dead on the spot, of two combatants; en hann segiz bani hins ef hann gekk af dauðum manni, Grág. ii. 88, Hkr. 1. 327; undr þykir mér er bróðir þinn vildi eigi taka af þér starf þetta, would not take this toil from thee, Nj. 77; þegnar hans glöddust af honum, were fain of him, Fms. x. 380; at koma þeim manni af sér er settr var á fé hans, to get rid of, Ld. 52; vil ek þú vinriir af þér skuldina, work off the debt, Njarð. 366; reka af sér, to repel, Sturl. ii. 219; hann á þá sonu er aldri munu af oss ganga, who will never leave us, whom we shall never get rid of, Fas. i. 280; leysa e-n af e-u, to relieve, 64; taka e-n af lífi, to kill, Eg. 48, 416, Nj. 126; af lífdögum, Fms. vii. 204; ek mun ná lögum af því máli, get the benefit of the law in this case, Eg. 468; muntu enga sætt af mér fá, no peace at my hand, 414; rísa af dauða, to rise from death, Fms. ii. 142; guð bætti honum þó af þessi sótt, healed him of this sickness, ix. 390; vakna af sýn, draumi, svefni, to awaken from a vision, dream, sleep, 655 xxxii. I, Gísl. 24, Eb. 192, Fas. i. 41. Rather with the notion out of, in the phrase af sér etc., e. g. sýna e-t af scr, to shew, exhibit a disposition for or against, Ld. 18; gera mikit af sér, to shew great prowess, Ísl. ii. 368; éf þú gerir eigi meira af þér um aðra leika, unless you make more of thyself, Edda 32; Svipdagr hafði mikit af sér gert, fought bravely, Fas. i. 41; góðr (illr) af sér, good ( bad) of oneself, by nature; mikill af sjálfum sér, proud, bold, stout, Nj. 15; ágætastr maðr af sjálfum sér, the greatest hero, Bret.: góðr af ser, excellent, Hrafn. 7; but, on the contrary, af sér kominn, ruinous, in decay; this phrase is used of old houses or buildings, as in Bs. i. 488 = Sturl. l. c.; af sér kominn af mæði can also be said of a man fallen off from what he used to be; kominn af fotum fram, off his legs from age, Sturl. i. 223, Korm. 154 (in a verse).
    II. WITHOUT MOTION:
    1. denoting direction from, but at the same time continuous connection with an object from which an act or thing proceeds, from; tengja skip hvárt fram af stafni annars, to tie the ships in a line, stem to stern, Fms. i. 157, xi. 111; svá at þeir tóku út af borðum, jutted out of the boards, of rafters or poles, iv. 49; stjarna ok af sem skaft, of a comet, ix. 482; lúka upp af hrossi, to open a gate from off a horse, Grág. ii. 264; hon svarar af sínu sæti sem álpt af baru, Fás. i. 186; þar er sjá mátti utau af firði, af þjóðleið, that might be seen from the fareway on the sea when sailing in the firth, Hkr. ii. 64; þá mun hringt af (better at) Burakirkju, of bells rung at the church, Fms. xi. 160; gengr þar af Meðalfellsströnd, projects from, juts out, of a promontory, Ld. 10.
    2. denoting direction alone; upp af víkinni stóð borg mikil, a burg inland from the inlet, Eg. 161; lokrekkja innar af seti, a shut bed inward from the benches in the hall, Ísl. ii. 262; kapella upp af konungs herbergjum, upwards from, Fms. x. 153; vindr stóð af landi, the wind stood off the land, Bárð. 166.
    β. metaph., stauda af e-u, vide VI. 4.
    γ. ellipt., hallaði af norðr, of the channel, north of a spot, Boll. 348; also, austr af, suðr af, vestr af, etc.
    3. denoting absence; þingheyendr skulu eigi vera um nótt af þingi ( away from the meeting), eðr lengr, þá eru þeir af þingi ( away from (be meeting) ef þeir eru or ( out of) þingmarki, Grág. i. 25; vera um nótt af várþingi, 115; meðan hann er af landi héðan, abroad, 150.
    β. metaph., gud hvíldi af öllum verkum sínum á sjaunda degi, rested from his labours, Ver. 3.
    4. denoting distance; þat er komit af þjóðleið, out of the high road, remote, Eg. 369; af þjóðbraut, Grág. ii. 264, i. 15; Otradalr (a farm) var mjök af vegi, far out of the way, Háv. 53.
    B. TEMP, past, from, out of, beyond:
    1. of a person’s age, in the sense of having past a period of life; af ómaga aldri, of age, able to support oneself, Grág. i. 243; af aeskualdri, stricken in years, having past the prime of life, Eg. 202; lítið af barnsaldri, still a child, Ld. 74; ek em nú af léttasia skeiði, no longer in the prime of life, Háv. 40.
    2. of a part or period of time, past; eigi síðar en nótt er af þingi, a night of the session past, Grág. i. 101; þá er sjau vikur eru af sumri, seven weeks past of the summer, 182; tíu vikur af sumri, Íb. 10; var mikit af nótt, much of the night was past, Háv. 41; mikið af vetri, much of the winter was past, Fas. ii. 186; þriðjungr af nótt, a third of the night past, Fms. x. 160; stund af degi, etc.; tveir mánoðr af sumri, Gþl. 103.
    3. in adverbial phrases such as, af stundu, soon; af bragði, at once; af tómi, at leisure, at ease; af nýju, again; af skyndingu, speedily; af bráðungu, in a hurry, etc.
    C. In various other relations:
    I. denoting the passage or transition of an object, concrete or abstract, of, from.
    1. where a thing is received, derived from, conferred by a person or object; þiggja lið af e-m, to derive help from, Edda 26; taka traust af e-m, to receive support, comfort from, Fms. xi. 243; taka mála af e-m, to be in one’s pay, of a soldier, Eg. 266; halda land af e-m, to hold land of any one, 282; verða viss af e-m, to get information from, 57, Nj. 130; taka við sök af manni (a law term), to undertake a case, suit, Grág. i. 142; hafa umboð af e-m, to be another’s deputy, ii. 374; vera góðs (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good (bad) of, Vd. 88 (old Ed., the new reads frá), Fs. 45; afla matar af eyjum, to derive supplies from, Eb. 12.
    2. where an object is taken by force:
    α. prop. out of a person’s hand; þú skalt hnykkja smíðit af honum, wrest it out of his hand, Nj. 32; cp. taka, þrífa, svipta e-u (e-t) af e-m, to wrest from.
    β. metaph. of a person’s deprival of anything in general; hann tók af þér konuna, carried thy wife off, Nj. 33; tók Gunnarr af þér sáðland þitt, robbed thee of seedland, 103; taka af honum tignina, to depose, degrade him, Eg. 271; vinna e-t af e-m, to carry off by force of arms, conquer, Fms. iii. 29; drepa menn af e-m, for one, slay one’s man, Eg. 417; fell þar lið mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind’s people fell there, 261.
    γ. in such phrases as, hyggja af e-u (v. afhuga), hugsa af e-u, to forget; hyggja af harmi; sjá af e-u, to lose, miss; var svá ástúðigt með þeim, at livargi þóttist mega af öðrum sjá, neither of them could take his eyes off the other, Sturl. i. 194; svá er mörg við ver sinn vær, at varla um sér hon af hoiuun nær, Skálda 163.
    3. denoting forfeiture; þá eru þeir útlagir, ok af goðorði sínu, have forfeited their priesthood, Grág. i. 24; telja hann af ráðunum fjár síns alls, to oust one, on account of idiocy or madness, 176; verða af kaupi, to be off the bargain, Edda 26; þá skalt þú af allri fjárheimtunni, forfeit all the claim, Nj. 15; ek skal stefna þér af konunni, summon thee to forfeit, a case of divorce, id.; ella er hann af rettarfari um hana, has forfeited the suit, Grág. i. 381.
    β. ellipt., af ferr eindagi ef, is forfeited, Grág. i. 140.
    II. denoting relation of a part to a whole, off, of, Lat. de; höggva hönd, höfuð, fót af e-um, to cut one’s hand, head, foot off, Nj. 97, 92, Bs. i. 674; höggva spjót af skapti, to sever the blade from the shaft, 264; hann lét þá ekki hafa af föðurarfi sínum, nothing of their patrimony, Eg. 25; vil ek at þú takir slíkt sem þér líkar af varningi, take what you like of the stores, Nj. 4; at þú eignist slíkt af fé okkru sem þú vili, 94.
    β. ellipt., en nú höfum vér kjörit, en þat er af krossinum, a slice of, Fms. vii. 89; Þórðr gaf Skólm frænda sínum af landnámi sínu, a part of, Landn. 211; hafði hann þat af hans eigu er hann vildi, Sturl. ii. 169; þar lá forkr einn ok brotið af endanum, the point broken off, Háv. 24, Sturl. i. 169.
    γ. absol. off; beit hann höndina af, þar sem nú heitir úlfliðr, bit the hand off, Edda 17; fauk af höfuðit, the head flew off, Nj. 97; jafnt er sem þér synist, af er fótrinn, the foot is off, id.; af bæði eyru, both ears off, Vm. 29.
    2. with the notion of—among; mestr skörungr af konum á Norðrlöndum, the greatest heroine in the North, Fms. i. 116; hinn efniligasti maðr af ungum mönnum í Austfjörðum, the most hopeful of youths in the Eastfirths, Njarð. 364; af ( among) öllurn hirðmönnuni virði konungr mest skáld sín, Eg. 27; ef hann vildi nokkura kaupa af þessum konum, Ld. 30; ör liggr þar útiá vegginum, ok er sú af þeirra örum, one of their own arrows, Nj. 115.
    β. from, among, belonging to; guð kaus hana af ollum konum sér til móður, of the Virgin Mary, Mar. A. i. 27.
    γ. metaph., kunna mikit (lítið) af e-u, to know much, little of, Bragi kann mest af skáldskap, is more cunning of poetry than any one else, Edda 17.
    δ. absol. out of, before, in preference to all others; Gunnarr bauð þér góð boð, en þú vildir eingi af taka, you would choose none of them, Nj. 77; ráða e-t af, to decide; þó mun faðir minn mestu af ráða, all depends upon him, Ld. 22; konungr kveðst því mundu heldr af trúa, preferred believing that of the two, Eg. 55; var honum ekki vildara af ván, he could expect nothing better, 364.
    3. with the additional sense of instrumentality, with; ferma skip af e-u, to freight a ship with, Eg. 364; hlaða mörg skip af korni, load many ships with corn, Fms. xi. 8; klyfja tvá hesta af mat, Nj. 74; var vágrinn skipaðr af herskipum, the bay was covered with war ships, 124; fylla ker af glóðum, fill it with embers, Stj. 319; fylla heiminn af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring, Ver. 3.
    III. denoting the substance of which a thing is made, of; used indifferently with ór, though ór be more frequent; þeir gerðu af honum jörðina, af blóði hans sæinn ok vötnin, of the creation of the world from the corpse of the giant Ymir; the poem Gm. 40, 41, constantly uses ór in this sense, just as in modern Icelandic, Edda 5; svá skildu þeir, at allir hlutir væri smíðaðir af nokkru efni, 147 (pref.); húsit var gert af timbrstokkum, built of trunks of timber, Eg. 233; hjöhin vóru af gulli, of gold, golden, Fms. i. 17; af osti, of cheese, but in the verse 1. c. ór osti, Fms. vi. 253; línklæði af lérepti, linen, Sks. 287.
    2. metaph. in the phrases, göra e-t af e-n ( to dispose of), verða af ( become of), hvat hefir þú gört af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar? Njarð. 376; hvat af motrinuni er orðit, what has become of it? of a lost thing, Ld. 208; hverfr Óspakr á burt, svá eigi vita menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has become of him? Band. 5.
    IV. denoting parentage, descent, origin, domicile, abode:
    1. parentage, of, from, used indifferently with frá; ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, descend from them, but a little below—frá honum eru konmir Sturlungar, Eb. 338, cp. afkvæmi; af ætt Hörðakára, Fms. i. 287; kominn af Trojumönnum, xi. 416; af Ása-ætt (Kb. wrongly at), Edda I.
    β. metaph., vera af Guði (theol.), of God, = righteous, 686 B. 9; illr ávöxtr af íllri rót, Fms. ii. 48; Asia er kölluð af nafni nokkurar konu, derives her name from, Stj. 67; af honum er bragr kallaðr skáldskapr, called after his name, Edda 17.
    2. of domicile; af danskri tungu, of Danish or Scandinavian origin, speaking the Danish tongue, Grág. ii. 73; hvaðan af löndum, whence, native of what country? Ísl.
    β. especially denoting a man’s abode, and answering to á and í, the name of the farm (or country) being added to proper names, (as in Scotland,) to distinguish persons of the same name; Hallr af Síðu, Nj. 189; Erlingr af Straumey, 273; Ástríðr af Djúpárbakka, 39; Gunnarr af Hlíðarenda (more usual frá); þorir haklangr konungr af Ögðum, king of Agdir, Eg. 35, etc.; cp. ór and frá.
    V. denoting a person with whom an act, feeling, etc. originates, for the most part with a periphrastic passive:
    1. by, the Old Engl. of; as, ek em sendr hingað af Starkaði ok sonum hans, sent hither by, Nj. 94; inna e-t af hendi, to perform, 257; þó at alþýða væri skírð af kennimönnum, baptized of, Fms. ii. 158; meira virðr af mönnum, higher esteemed, Ld. 158; ástsæll af landsmönnum, beloved, íb. 16; vinsæll af mönnum, Nj. 102; í allgóðu yfirlæti af þeim feðgum, hospitably treated by them, Eg. 170; var þá nokkut drukkið af alþjóð, there was somewhat hard drinking of the people, Sturl. iii. 229; mun þat ekki upp tekið af þeim sükudólgum mínum, they will not clutch at that, Nj. 257; ef svá væri í hendr þér búit af mér, if í had so made everything ready to thy hands, Ld. 130; þá varð fárætt um af föður hans, his father said little about it, Fms. ii. 154.
    2. it is now also sometimes used as a periphrase of a nom., e. g. ritað, þýtt af e-m, written, translated, edited by, but such phrases scarcely occur in old writers.
    VI. denoting cause, ground, reason:
    1. originating from, on account of, by reason of; af frændsemis sökum, for kinship’s sake, Grág. ii. 72; ómáli af áverkum, speechless from wounds, 27; af manna völdum, by violence, not by natural accident, of a crime, Nj. 76; af fortölum Halls, through his pleading, 255; af ástsæld hans ok af tölum þeirra Sæmundar, by his popularity and the eloquence of S., Íb. 16; af ráðum Haralds konungs, by his contriving, Landn. 157; úbygðr af frosti ok kulda, because of frost and cold, Hkr. i. 5.
    β. adverbially, af því, therefore, Nj. 78; af hví, why? 686 B. 9; þá verðr bóndi heiðinn af barni sínu, viz. if he does not cause his child to be christened, K. Þ. K. 20.
    2. denoting instrumentality, by means of; af sinu fé, by one’s own means, Grág. i. 293; framfæra e-n af verkum sinum, by means of one’s own labour, K. Þ. K. 142; draga saman auð af sökum, ok vælum ok kaupum, make money by, 623. I; af sínum kostnaði, at hi s own expense, Hkr. i. 217.
    β. absol., hún fellir á mik dropa svá heita at ek brenn af öll, Ld. 328; hann fékk af hina mestu sæmd, derived great honotur from it, Nj. 88; elli sótti á hendr honum svá at hann lagðist í rekkju af, he grew bedridden from age, Ld. 54; komast undan af hlaupi, escape by running, Fms. viii. 58; spinna garn af rokki, spin off a wheel (now, spinna á rokk), from a notion of instrumentality, or because of the thread being spun out (?), Eb. 92.
    3. denoting proceeding, originating from; lýsti af höndum hennar, her hands spread beams of light, Edda 22; allir heimar lýstust ( were illuminated) af henni, id.; en er lýsti af degi, when the day broke forth, Fms. ii. 16; lítt var lýst af degi, the day was just beginning to break, Ld. 46; þá tók at myrkja af nótt, the ‘mirk-time’ of night began to set in, Eg. 230; tók þá brátt at myrkva af nótt, the night grew dark, Hkr. ii. 230.
    4. metaph., standa, leiða, hljótast af, to be caused by, result from; opt hlýtst íllt af kvenna hjali, great mischief is wrought by women’s gossip (a proverb), Gísl. 15, 98; at af þeim mundi mikit mein ok úhapp standa, be caused by, Edda 18; kenna kulda af ráðum e-s, to feel sore from, Eb. 42; þó mun her hljótast af margs manns bani, Nj, 90.
    5. in adverbial phrases, denoting state of mind; af mikilli æði, in fury, Nj. 116; af móð, in great emotion, Fms. xi. 221; af áhyggju, with concern, i. 186; af létta, frankly, iii. 91; af viti, collectedly, Grág. ii. 27; af heilu, sincerely, Eg. 46; áf fári, in rage; af æðru, timidly, Nj. (in a verse); af setning, composedly, in tune, Fms. iii. 187; af mikilli frægð, gallantly, Fas. i. 261; af öllu afli, with all might, Grág. ii. 41; af riki, violently, Fbr. (in a verse); af trúnaði, confidently, Grág. i. 400.
    VII. denoting regard to, of, concerning, in respect of, as regards:
    1. with verbs, denoting to tell of, be informed, inquire about, Lat. de; Dioscorides segir af grasi því, speaks of, 655 xxx. 5; er menn spurðu af landinu, inquired about it, Landn. 30; halda njósn af e-u, Nj. 104; er þat skjótast þar af at segja, Eg. 546, Band. 8.
    β. absol., hann mun spyrja, hvárt þér sé nokkut af kunnigt hversu for með okkr, whether you know anything about, how, Nj. 33; halda skóla af, to hold a school in a science, 656 A. i. 19 (sounds like a Latinism); en ek gerða þik sera mestan mann af öllu, in respect of all, that you should get all the honour of it, Nj. 78.
    2. with adjectives such as mildr, illr, góðrafe-u, denoting disposition or character in respect to; alira manna mildastr af fo, very liberal, often-banded, Fms. vii. 197; mildr af gulli, i. 33; góðr af griðum, merciful, Al. 33; íllr af mat en mildr af gulli, Fms. i. 53; fastr af drykk, close, stingy in regard to, Sturl. ii. 125; gat þess Hildigunnr at þú mundir góðr af hestinum, that you would be good about the horse, Nj. 90, cp. auðigr at, v. at, which corresponds to the above phrases; cp. also the phrase af sér above, p. 4, col. I, ll. 50 sqq.
    VIII. periphrasis of a genitive (rare); provincialis af öllum Predikaraklaustrum, Fms. x. 76; vera af hinum mesta fjandskap, to breathe deep hatred to, be on bad terms with, ix. 220; af hendi, af hálfu e-s, on one’s behalf, v. those words.
    IX. in adverbial phrases; as, af launungu, secretly; af hljóði, silently; v. those words.
    β. also used absolutely with a verb, almost adverbially, nearly in the signification off, away; hann bað þá róa af fjörðinn, pass the firth swiftly by rowing, row the firth off, Fms. ix. 502; var pá af farit þat seni skerjóttast var, was past, sailed past, Ld. 142; ok er þeir höfðu af fjórðung, past one fourth of the way, Dropl. 10: skína af, to clear up, of the skv, Eb. 152; hence in common language, skína af sér, when the sun breaks forth: sofa af nóttina, to sleep it away, Fms. ii. 98; leið af nóttin, the night past away, Nj. 53; dvelja af stundir, to kill the time, Band. 8; drepa af, to kill; láta af, to slaughter, kill off;
    γ. in exclamations; af tjöldin, off with the awnings, Bs. i. 420, Fins, ix. 49.
    δ. in the phrases, þar af, thence; hér af, hence, Fms. ii. 102; af fram, straight on, Nj. 144; now, á fram, on, advance.
    X. it often refers to a whole sentence or to an adverb, not only like other prepp. to hér, hvar, þar, but also redundantly to hvaðan, héðan, þaðan, whence, hence, thence.
    2. the preposition may sometimes be repeated, once elliptically or adverbially, and once properly, e. g. en er af var borit at borðinu, the cloth was taken off from the table, Nj. 176; Guð þerrir af (off, away) hvert tár af ( from) augum heilagra manna, God wipes off every tear from the eyes of his saints, 655 xx. vii. 17; skal þó fyrst bætr af lúka af fé vegaiula, pay off, from, Gþl. 160, the last af may be omitted—var þá af borið borðinu—and the prep. thus be separated from its case, or it may refer to some of the indecl. relatives er or sem, the prep. hvar, hér, þar being placed behind them without a case, and referring to the preceding relative, e. g. oss er þar mikit af sagt auð þeim, we have been told much about these riches, Band. 24; er þat skjótast þar af at segja, in short, shortly. Eg. 546; þaðan af veit ek, thence í infer, know, Fms. i. 97.
    XI. it is moreover connected with a great many verbs besides those mentioned above, e. g. bera af, to excel, whence afbragð, afbrigði; draga af, to detract, deduct, hence afdráttr; veita ekki af, to be hard with; ganga at, to be left, hence afgangr; standast af um e-t, to stand, how matters stand; sem af tekr, at a furious rate; vita af, to be conscious, know about (vide VII).
    D. As a prefix to compounds distinction is to be made between:
    I. af privativum, denoting diminution, want, deduction, loss, separation, negation of, etc., answering indifferently to Lat. ab-, de-, ex-, dis-, and rarely to re- and se-, v. the following COMPDS, such as segja, dicere, but afsegja, negare; rækja, colere, but afrækja, negligere; aflaga, contra legem; skapligr, normalis, afskapligr, deformis; afvik, recessus; afhús, afhellir, afdalr, etc.
    II. af intensivum, etymologically different, and akin to of, afr-, e. g. afdrykkja = ofdrykkja, inebrietas; afbrýði, jealously; afbendi, tenesmus; afglapi, vir fatuus, etc. etc. Both the privative and the intensive af may be contracted into á, esp. before a labial f, m, v, e. g. á fram = af fram; ábrýði = afbrýði; ávöxtr = afvöxtr; áburðr = afburðr; ávíta = afvíta (?). In some cases dubious. With extenuated and changed vowel; auvirðiligr or övirðiligr, depreciated, = afv- etc., v. those words.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AF

  • 12 guardar

    v.
    1 to keep.
    guarda el vestido en el armario she keeps the dress in the wardrobe
    ¡guarda los juguetes! put your toys away!
    guardo muy buenos recuerdos de mi infancia I have very good memories of my childhood
    Manolo guarda las fotos Manolo keeps the pictures.
    La beata guarda el día santo The pious woman keeps the holy day.
    2 to save.
    guarda un poco de pastel para tu hermano leave o save a bit of cake for your brother
    3 to keep watch over.
    4 to observe (observar) (ley, norma, fiesta).
    guardar cama to stay in bed
    guardar silencio to keep quiet
    guardar las apariencias to keep up appearances
    5 to save (computing).
    6 to put away, to store, to tuck away.
    Ricardo guardó los juguetes Richard put away the toys.
    7 to shut in.
    Ricardo guardó el licor Richard shut the liquor in.
    8 to guard, to watch over.
    La policía guarda el edificio The police guards the building.
    * * *
    1 (cuidar) to keep, watch over, keep an eye on
    2 (conservar) to keep, hold
    3 (la ley) to observe, obey; (un secreto) to keep
    4 (poner en un sitio) to put away
    5 (reservar) to save, keep
    6 (proteger) to protect, save
    ■ ¡Dios salve al rey! God save the King!
    7 INFORMÁTICA to save
    8 guardarse de (precaverse, evitar) to guard against, avoid, be careful not to
    \
    guardar cola to queue up, US wait in line
    guardar conexión con to be connected with
    guardar la derecha to keep to the right
    guardar las formas to be polite
    guardar parecido con to be similar to
    guardar relación con to be related to
    guardar rencor to harbour resentment (a, against)
    guardársela a alguien figurado to have it in for somebody
    * * *
    verb
    2) keep
    •
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) [+ objetos]
    a) (=meter) [en un lugar] to put; [en su sitio] to put away

    si no vas a jugar más, guarda los juguetes — if you're not going to play any more, put the toys away

    b) (=conservar) to keep

    no tira nunca nada, todo lo guarda — he never throws anything away, he hangs on to o keeps everything

    guardar algo para sí — to keep sth for o.s.

    c) (=reservar) to save

    te guardaré un poco de tarta para cuando vengas — I'll save o keep you a bit of cake for when you come

    guárdame un par de entradas — hold o save me a couple of tickets, put aside a couple of tickets for me

    ¿puedes guardarme el sitio en la cola? — can you keep my place in the queue?

    puedo guardarle la habitación solo hasta mañana — I can only keep o hold the room for you till tomorrow

    d) (Inform) [+ archivo] to save
    2) (=mantener) [+ promesa, secreto] to keep; [+ recuerdo] to have

    • guardar el anonimato — to remain anonymous

    • guardar la calma — [en crisis, desastre] to keep calm; [ante una provocación] to remain composed

    • guardar las formas — to keep up appearances

    • guardar la línea — (=mantenerla) to keep one's figure; (=cuidarla) to watch one's figure

    • guardar en secreto — [+ objeto, documento] to keep in secret, keep secretly; [+ actividad, información] to keep secret

    cama 1), silencio 1., 1)
    3) (=tener) [+ relación] to bear; [+ semejanza] to have
    4) (=sentir) [+ rencor] to bear, have; [+ respeto] to have, show

    no le guardo rencor — I have no ill feeling towards him, I bear him no resentment

    5) (=cumplir) [+ ley] to observe
    6) (=cuidar) to guard

    • guardar a algn de algo — to protect sb from sth

    • ¡ Dios guarde a la Reina! — God save the Queen!

    ¡Dios os guarde! — †† may God be with you!

    2.
    VI

    ¡guarda! — Arg, Chile * look out!, watch out!

    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( reservar) to save

    guarda esa botella para Navidad — keep o save that bottle for Christmas

    2)
    a) ( poner en un lugar) <juguetes/libros> to put... away
    b) (conservar, mantener en un lugar) to keep
    3) (liter) (defender, proteger)
    4) < secreto> to keep
    5)
    a) (mostrar, manifestar)
    b) <leyes/fiestas> to observe
    2.
    guardarse v pron
    1) ( quedarse con) to keep
    2) ( reservar) to save, keep
    4) ( cuidarse)

    guardarse de + inf — to be careful not to + inf

    * * *
    = file, house, keep, save, store, store away, guard (against), pack up, lodge, stand + guard over, squirrel away, put away, stow, stash, have in + store, pack, stash away, cache.
    Ex. File boxes can be used and filed on shelves, if appropriate, interfiled with the books.
    Ex. The shared systems are run on an IBM 4341 computer housed at BLCMP.
    Ex. Guard book or scrapbook type arrangement, with possibly a loose-leaf format, is suitable for organising and keeping cuttings, letters and other small items.
    Ex. Whenever this code is entered, the system saves the document or list of documents being displayed and displays a summary of the documents saved up to that point.
    Ex. The records in a computer data base are structured in order to suit the information that is being stored for various applications.
    Ex. This chain will not be processed, but will be stored away for later use.
    Ex. The article 'Sealing criminal history records: shall we let the fox guard the henhouse in the name of privacy?' has once again raised the debate on the consequences of allowing press and public to view such data.
    Ex. Unless the distance was short, the books travelled in sheets, unbound, packed up in chests or barrels.
    Ex. The actual report has been lodged at the British Library but has not been published.
    Ex. Librarians are doomed if they are seen by their patrons as standing guard over information and seemingly barring access to it.
    Ex. The more which can be digitized, and the more rapidly, the more which then can be squirreled away into atmospherically-controlled & inexpensive archives.
    Ex. She took all photos, sorted them out, stuffed them into boxes, and put them away in storage.
    Ex. It is a matter of basic safety for everyone on board, before casting off in the morning for that next heavenly anchorage, to see that everything be properly stowed and secured.
    Ex. When I went to the little boys/girls room to relieve myself I was suprised to see the amount of loo rolls stashed in the corner.
    Ex. The killing was committed in the traditional and extremely gruesome way Islam has in store for women accused of adultery: she was stoned to death.
    Ex. After various selection processes, the books are sorted into broad general categories and packed into consignments of up to 5,000 books.
    Ex. Almost everybody we know had their treasures or some of their personal items stashed away in an old cigar box.
    Ex. Previous studies in which squirrels were provisioned with an abundant supply of food found a reduction in the rate of caching.
    ----
    * ¡el Cielo nos guarde! = heaven forbid.
    * acción de guardar documentos = save.
    * ¡el Cielo nos guarde! = God forbid.
    * fiesta de guardar = holiday of obligation.
    * guardar Algo para otra vez = save for + a rainy day.
    * guardar bajo llave = keep under + lock and key.
    * guardar celosamente = guard + zealously.
    * guardar como un tesoro = treasure.
    * guardar con mucho cariño = treasure.
    * guardar correspondencia = bear + correspondence (to).
    * guardar en reserva = keep in + reserve, hold in + reserve.
    * guardar en secreto = keep + confidential, keep + Nombre + under wraps.
    * guardar la compostura = keep + a stiff upper lip.
    * guardar las apariencias = preserve + appearance, keep up + appearances.
    * guardar las formas = keep up + appearances.
    * guardar los resultados de una búsqueda en un fichero = store + search results + in disc file.
    * guardar muchas esperanzas = get + Posesivo + hopes up.
    * guardar paralelismo = have + parallel.
    * guardar relación con = bear + relation to, stand in + relation to, stand in + relationship to, bear + relationship to, be commensurate with.
    * guardar rencor = bear + a grudge, harbour + resentment, carry + a chip on + Posesivo + shoulder.
    * guardar rencor (hacia) = bear + ill will (toward).
    * guardar resentimiento = carry + a chip on + Posesivo + shoulder.
    * guardarse = keep for + Reflexivo, be on guard (against).
    * guardarse Algo para Uno Mismo = keep + Nombre + to + Reflexivo.
    * guardarse de = beware (of/that), be shy of + Gerundio.
    * guardárselas a Alguien = hold + it against.
    * guardar silencio = keep + silent, keep + silence.
    * guardar sorpresas = hold + surprises.
    * guardar una búsqueda en disco = save + Posesivo + search + to disc.
    * guardar una relación directamente proporcional = vary + proportionately.
    * guardar una relación inversamente proporcional = vary + inversely.
    * guardar un secreto = keep + a secret.
    * hacer guardar silencio = shush.
    * no guardar relación con = be incommensurate with.
    * porche para guardar el coche = car port.
    * que guarde relación con = in keeping with.
    * quien guarda, halla = waste not, want not.
    * sin guardar una correlación = uncorrelated.
    * volver a guardar = rehouse [re-house].
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( reservar) to save

    guarda esa botella para Navidad — keep o save that bottle for Christmas

    2)
    a) ( poner en un lugar) <juguetes/libros> to put... away
    b) (conservar, mantener en un lugar) to keep
    3) (liter) (defender, proteger)
    4) < secreto> to keep
    5)
    a) (mostrar, manifestar)
    b) <leyes/fiestas> to observe
    2.
    guardarse v pron
    1) ( quedarse con) to keep
    2) ( reservar) to save, keep
    4) ( cuidarse)

    guardarse de + inf — to be careful not to + inf

    * * *
    = file, house, keep, save, store, store away, guard (against), pack up, lodge, stand + guard over, squirrel away, put away, stow, stash, have in + store, pack, stash away, cache.

    Ex: File boxes can be used and filed on shelves, if appropriate, interfiled with the books.

    Ex: The shared systems are run on an IBM 4341 computer housed at BLCMP.
    Ex: Guard book or scrapbook type arrangement, with possibly a loose-leaf format, is suitable for organising and keeping cuttings, letters and other small items.
    Ex: Whenever this code is entered, the system saves the document or list of documents being displayed and displays a summary of the documents saved up to that point.
    Ex: The records in a computer data base are structured in order to suit the information that is being stored for various applications.
    Ex: This chain will not be processed, but will be stored away for later use.
    Ex: The article 'Sealing criminal history records: shall we let the fox guard the henhouse in the name of privacy?' has once again raised the debate on the consequences of allowing press and public to view such data.
    Ex: Unless the distance was short, the books travelled in sheets, unbound, packed up in chests or barrels.
    Ex: The actual report has been lodged at the British Library but has not been published.
    Ex: Librarians are doomed if they are seen by their patrons as standing guard over information and seemingly barring access to it.
    Ex: The more which can be digitized, and the more rapidly, the more which then can be squirreled away into atmospherically-controlled & inexpensive archives.
    Ex: She took all photos, sorted them out, stuffed them into boxes, and put them away in storage.
    Ex: It is a matter of basic safety for everyone on board, before casting off in the morning for that next heavenly anchorage, to see that everything be properly stowed and secured.
    Ex: When I went to the little boys/girls room to relieve myself I was suprised to see the amount of loo rolls stashed in the corner.
    Ex: The killing was committed in the traditional and extremely gruesome way Islam has in store for women accused of adultery: she was stoned to death.
    Ex: After various selection processes, the books are sorted into broad general categories and packed into consignments of up to 5,000 books.
    Ex: Almost everybody we know had their treasures or some of their personal items stashed away in an old cigar box.
    Ex: Previous studies in which squirrels were provisioned with an abundant supply of food found a reduction in the rate of caching.
    * ¡el Cielo nos guarde! = heaven forbid.
    * acción de guardar documentos = save.
    * ¡el Cielo nos guarde! = God forbid.
    * fiesta de guardar = holiday of obligation.
    * guardar Algo para otra vez = save for + a rainy day.
    * guardar bajo llave = keep under + lock and key.
    * guardar celosamente = guard + zealously.
    * guardar como un tesoro = treasure.
    * guardar con mucho cariño = treasure.
    * guardar correspondencia = bear + correspondence (to).
    * guardar en reserva = keep in + reserve, hold in + reserve.
    * guardar en secreto = keep + confidential, keep + Nombre + under wraps.
    * guardar la compostura = keep + a stiff upper lip.
    * guardar las apariencias = preserve + appearance, keep up + appearances.
    * guardar las formas = keep up + appearances.
    * guardar los resultados de una búsqueda en un fichero = store + search results + in disc file.
    * guardar muchas esperanzas = get + Posesivo + hopes up.
    * guardar paralelismo = have + parallel.
    * guardar relación con = bear + relation to, stand in + relation to, stand in + relationship to, bear + relationship to, be commensurate with.
    * guardar rencor = bear + a grudge, harbour + resentment, carry + a chip on + Posesivo + shoulder.
    * guardar rencor (hacia) = bear + ill will (toward).
    * guardar resentimiento = carry + a chip on + Posesivo + shoulder.
    * guardarse = keep for + Reflexivo, be on guard (against).
    * guardarse Algo para Uno Mismo = keep + Nombre + to + Reflexivo.
    * guardarse de = beware (of/that), be shy of + Gerundio.
    * guardárselas a Alguien = hold + it against.
    * guardar silencio = keep + silent, keep + silence.
    * guardar sorpresas = hold + surprises.
    * guardar una búsqueda en disco = save + Posesivo + search + to disc.
    * guardar una relación directamente proporcional = vary + proportionately.
    * guardar una relación inversamente proporcional = vary + inversely.
    * guardar un secreto = keep + a secret.
    * hacer guardar silencio = shush.
    * no guardar relación con = be incommensurate with.
    * porche para guardar el coche = car port.
    * que guarde relación con = in keeping with.
    * quien guarda, halla = waste not, want not.
    * sin guardar una correlación = uncorrelated.
    * volver a guardar = rehouse [re-house].

    * * *
    guardar [A1 ]
    vt
    A
    (reservar): guárdale un pedazo de pastel save him a piece of cake
    guarda esa botella para Nochevieja keep o save that bottle for New Year's Eve, put that bottle aside for New Year's Eve
    guárdame un sitio save me a seat, keep me a place
    si pido la excedencia, no me guardan el puesto if I ask for leave of absence, they won't keep o hold my job open for me
    B
    1 (poner en un lugar) to put … away
    guarda los juguetes put your toys away
    los guardé en un sitio seguro I put them (away) in a safe place
    ya he guardado toda la ropa de invierno I've already put away all my winter clothes
    guarda todos los recibos she keeps o ( colloq) hangs on to all her receipts
    2 (conservar, mantener en un lugar) to keep
    guardo los huevos en la nevera I keep the eggs in the fridge
    lo tuvo guardado durante años she kept it for years
    los tengo guardados en el desván I've got them stored away o I've got them in the attic
    siempre guarda las medicinas bajo llave she always keeps the medicines locked away o under lock and key
    los tesoros que guarda el mar ( liter); the treasures which lie hidden beneath the waves ( liter)
    C ( liter)
    (defender, proteger): la muralla que guarda el castillo the walls which defend o protect the castle
    los perros guardaban la entrada a la mansión the dogs were guarding the entrance to the mansion
    Dios guarde al rey ( fr hecha); God save the King
    Dios guarde a Vd muchos años ( frml); ≈ yours respectfully ( frml), may God preserve you ( arch)
    D ‹secreto› to keep
    no le guardo ningún rencor I don't bear a grudge against o feel any resentment toward(s) him
    guardo muy buenos recuerdos de aquel viaje I have very good memories of that trip
    ¡ésta se la guardo! ( fam); I'll remember this!, I won't forget this!
    E
    1
    (mostrar, manifestar): le guardaron el debido respeto he was treated with due respect
    hay que guardar la debida compostura en la Iglesia you must show proper respect when in church
    guardar las apariencias to keep up appearances
    2 ‹leyes/fiestas› to observe fiesta
    A (quedarse con) to keep
    guárdate tus consejos keep your advice to yourself
    B ( enf) (reservar) to save, keep
    C
    (poner en un lugar): se guardó el cheque en el bolsillo he put the check (away) in his pocket
    guárdatelo bien put it somewhere safe o look after it carefully
    D (cuidarse) guardarse DE + INF to be careful not to + INF
    se guardó mucho de mostrarles el documento she was very careful not to show them the document
    ya te guardarás de contar lo que pasó you'd better not tell anyone o you'd better make sure you don't tell anyone what happened
    * * *

     

    guardar ( conjugate guardar) verbo transitivo
    1 ( reservar) to save, keep;
    ◊ guarda algo para después save o keep sth for later

    2
    a) ( poner en un lugar) ‹juguetes/libros› to put … away;


    b) (conservar, mantener) to keep;


    guardar las apariencias to keep up appearances
    c) ‹ secreto› to keep;

    ‹ rencor› to bear, harbor( conjugate harbor);

    guardarse verbo pronominal
    1


    2 ( poner en un lugar):

    guardar verbo transitivo
    1 (preservar) to keep: ¿puedes guardármelo?, can you look after it for me?
    todavía guardo sus cosas, I still keep his things
    2 (un secreto, recuerdo) to keep: guardaron silencio, they remained silent
    guardemos un minuto de silencio, let's observe a minute's silence
    guarden silencio, por favor, be quiet, please
    3 (en un sitio) to put away: guarda las tazas en ese armario, put the cups away in that cupboard
    4 (reservar) to keep
    5 Inform to save
    ♦ Locuciones: guardar cama, to stay in bed
    ' guardar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    apariencia
    - apartar
    - arca
    - archivar
    - ayuno
    - cama
    - conservar
    - continencia
    - forma
    - recoger
    - rencor
    - reposo
    - reservar
    - rincón
    - secreta
    - secreto
    - callar
    - compostura
    - dejar
    - huevera
    - panera
    - separar
    - silencio
    English:
    aside
    - commensurate
    - cookie jar
    - counsel
    - distance
    - file
    - hold
    - hold against
    - house
    - keep
    - lay up
    - leave out
    - lock away
    - maintain
    - observe
    - pack away
    - pertinent
    - reminiscent
    - retain
    - save
    - secret
    - set aside
    - silent
    - skeleton
    - stay
    - storage space
    - store
    - stow
    - treasure
    - wrap
    - appearance
    - bread
    - cake
    - convenient
    - face
    - guard
    - hang
    - harbor
    - holy
    - leave
    - lock
    - mind
    - put
    - reserve
    - set
    - storage
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [conservar] to keep;
    guarda el vestido en el armario she keeps the dress in the wardrobe;
    esta caja guarda documentos muy antiguos this box contains some very old documents;
    guardo muy buenos recuerdos de mi infancia I have very good memories of my childhood
    2. [poner en su sitio] to put away;
    ¡guarda los juguetes! put your toys away!
    3. [vigilar] to keep watch over;
    [proteger] to guard;
    guarda un rebaño de ovejas he tends a flock of sheep;
    el perro guarda la casa the dog guards the house;
    guarda a tu hijo del peligro keep your child away from danger;
    ¡Dios guarde al rey! God save the King!
    4. [mantener] [secreto, promesa] to keep;
    guardó su palabra she kept her word;
    guardar cama to stay in bed;
    guardar silencio to keep quiet;
    guardar las apariencias to keep up appearances;
    también Fig
    guardar las distancias to keep one's distance
    5. [reservar, ahorrar] to save (a o para alguien for sb);
    ¿me guardas un sitio? will you save a place for me?;
    guarda un poco de pastel para tu hermano leave o save a bit of cake for your brother;
    he guardado parte de la paga para las vacaciones I've put by o saved part of my wages for my Br holidays o US vacation;
    el carnicero siempre me guarda la mejor carne the butcher always saves o keeps the best meat for me
    6. [observar] [ley, norma, fiesta] to observe
    7. Informát to save;
    guardar cambios to save changes
    * * *
    v/t
    1 keep;
    guardar silencio remain silent, keep silent
    2 poner en un lugar put (away)
    3 recuerdo have
    4 apariencias keep up
    5 INFOR save
    6
    :
    guardar cama stay in bed
    * * *
    1) : to guard
    2) : to maintain, to preserve
    3) conservar: to put away
    4) reservar: to save
    5) : to keep (a secret or promise)
    * * *
    1. (en general) to keep [pt. & pp. kept]
    ¿sabes guardar un secreto? can you keep a secret?
    2. (recoger) to put away [pt. & pp. put]
    3. (meter) to put
    4. (reservar) to save / to keep
    ¿me guardas un sitio? will you save me a seat?
    guardar rencor a alguien to bear somebody a grudge [pt. bore; pp. borne]

    Spanish-English dictionary > guardar

  • 13 Á

    * * *
    a negative suffix to verbs, not;
    era útmakligt, at it is not unmeet that.
    * * *
    1.
    á, prep., often used elliptically, or even adverbially, [Goth. ana; Engl. on; Germ. an. In the Scandinavian idioms the liquid n is absorbed. In English the same has been supposed to happen in adverbial phrases, e. g. ‘along, away, abroad, afoot, again, agate, ahead, aloft, alone, askew, aside, astray, awry,’ etc. It is indeed true that the Ormulum in its northern dialect freq. uses o, even in common phrases, such as ‘o boke, o land, o life, o slæpe, o strande, o write, o naht, o loft,’ etc., v. the glossary; and we may compare on foot and afoot, on sleep (Engl. Vers. of Bible) and asleep; A. S. a-butan and on-butan (about); agen and ongean (again, against); on bæc, aback; on life, alive; on middan, amid. But it is more than likely that in the expressions quoted above, as well as in numberless others, as well in old as in modern English, the English a- as well as the o- of the Ormulum and the modern Scottish and north of England o- are in reality remains of this very á pronounced au or ow, which was brought by the Scandinavian settlers into the north of England. In the struggle for supremacy between the English dialects after the Conquest, the Scandinavian form á or a won the day in many cases to the exclusion of the Anglo-Saxon on. Some of these adverbs have representatives only in the Scandinavian tongues, not in Anglo-Saxon; see below, with dat. B. II, C. VII; with acc. C. I. and VI. The prep. á denotes the surface or outside; í and ór the inside; at, til, and frá, nearness measured to or from an object: á thus answers to the Gr. επί; the Lat. in includes á and i together.]
    With dat. and acc.: in the first case with the notion of remaining on a place, answering to Lat. in with abl.; in the last with the notion of motion to the place, = Lat. in with acc.
    WITH DAT.
    A. Loc.
    I. generally on, upon; á gólfi, on the floor, Nj. 2; á hendi, on the hand (of a ring), 48, 225; á palli, 50; á steini, 108; á vegg, 115; á sjá ok á landi, on sea and land. In some instances the distinction between d and i is loose and wavering, but in most cases common sense and usage decide; thus ‘á bók’ merely denotes the letters, the penmanship, ‘í’ the contents of a book; mod. usage, however, prefers ‘í,’ lesa í bók, but stafr á bók. Old writers on the other hand; á bókum Enskum, in English books, Landn. 24, but í Aldafars bók, 23 (in the book De Mensurâ Temporum, by Bede), cp. Grág. i. 76, where á is a false reading instead of at; á bréfi, the contents of a letter: of clothing or arms, mítr á höfði, sverð á hlið, mitre on head, sword on side, Fms. i. 266, viii. 404; hafa lykil á sér, on one’s person, 655 xxvii. 22; möttull á tyglum, a mantle hanging on (i. e. fastened by) laces, Fms. vii. 201: á þingi means to be present at a meeting; í þingi, to abide within a jurisdiction; á himni, á jörðu, on (Engl. in) heaven and earth, e. g. in the Lord’s Prayer, but í helviti, in hell; á Gimli, Edda (of a heavenly abode); á báti, á skipi denote crew and cargo, ‘í’ the timber or materials of which a ship is built, Eg. 385; vera í stafni á skipi, 177: á skógi, to be abroad in a wood (of a hunter, robber, deer); but to be situated (a house), at work (to fell timber), í skógi, 573, Fs. 5, Fms. iii. 122, viii. 31, xi. 1, Glúm. 330, Landn. 173; á mörkinni, Fms. i. 8, but í mörk, of a farm; á firðinum means lying in a firth, of ships or islands (on the surface of the water), þær eyjar liggja á Breiðafirði, Ld. 36; but í firði, living in a district named Firth; á landi, Nj. 98, Fms. xi. 386.
    II. á is commonly used in connection with the pr. names or countries terminating in ‘land,’ Engl. in, á Englandi, Írlandi, Skotlandi, Bretlandi, Saxlandi, Vindlandi, Vínlandi, Grænalandi, Íslandi, Hálogalandi, Rogalandi, Jótlandi, Frakklandi, Hjaltlandi, Jamtalandi, Hvítramannalandi, Norðrlöndum, etc., vide Landn. and the index to Fms. xii. In old writers í is here very rare, in modern authors more frequent; taste and the context in many instances decide. An Icelander would now say, speaking of the queen or king, ‘á Englandi,’ ruling over, but to live ‘í Englandi,’ or ‘á Englandi;’ the rule in the last case not being quite fixed.
    2. in connection with other names of countries: á Mæri, Vörs, Ögðum, Fjölum, all districts of Norway, v. Landn.; á Mýrum (in Icel.), á Finnmörk, Landn., á Fjóni (a Danish island); but í Danmörk, Svíþjóð (á Svíþjóðu is poët., Gs. 13).
    3. before Icel. farms denoting open and elevated slopes and spaces (not too high, because then ‘at’ must be used), such as ‘staðr, völlr, ból, hjalli, bakki, heimr, eyri,’ etc.; á Veggjum, Landn. 69; á Hólmlátri, id.: those ending in ‘-staðr,’ á Geirmundarstöðum, Þórisstöðum, Jarðlangsstöðum…, Landn.: ‘-völlr,’ á Möðruvöllum: á Fitjum (the farm) í Storð (the island), í Fenhring (the island) á Aski (the farm), Landn., Eg.: ‘-nes’ sometimes takes á, sometimes í (in mod. usage always ‘í’), á Nesi, Eb. 14, or í Krossnesi, 30; in the last case the notion of island, νησος, prevails: so also, ‘fjörðr,’ as, þeir börðust á Vigrafirði (of a fight o n the ice), Landn. 101, but orusta í Hafrsfirði, 122: with ‘-bær,’ á is used in the sense of a farm or estate, hón sa á e-m bæ mikit hús ok fagrt, Edda 22; ‘í bæ’ means within doors, of the buildings: with ‘Bær’ as pr. name Landn. uses ‘í,’ 71, 160, 257, 309, 332.
    4. denoting on or just above; of the sun, when the time is fixed by regarding the sun in connection with points in the horizon, a standing phrase in Icel.; sól á gjáhamri, when the sun is on the crag of the Rift, Grág. i. 26, cp. Glúm. 387; so, brú á á, a bridge on a river, Fms. viii. 179, Hrafn. 20; taka hús á e-m, to surprise one, to take the house over his head, Fms. i. 11.
    III. á is sometimes used in old writers where we should now expect an acc., esp. in the phrase, leggja sverði (or the like) á e-m, or á e-m miðjum, to stab, Eg. 216, Gísl. 106, Band. 14; þá stakk Starkaðr sprotanum á konungi, then Starkad stabbed the king with the wand, Fas. iii. 34; bíta á kampi (vör), to bite the lips, as a token of pain or emotion, Nj. 209, 68; taka á e-u, to touch a thing, lay hold of it, v. taka; fá á e-u, id. (poët.); leggja hendr á (better at) síðum, in wrestling, Fms. x. 331; koma á úvart á e-m, to come on one unawares, ix. 407 (rare).
    B. TEMP. of a particular point or period of time, at, on, in:
    I. gener. denoting during, in the course of; á nótt, degi, nætrþeli …, Bs. i. 139; or spec. adding a pron. or an adject., á næsta sumri, the next summer; á því ári, þingi, misseri, hausti, vári, sumri …, during, in that year …, Bs. i. 679, etc.; á þrem sumrum, in the course of three summers, Grág. i. 218; á þrem várum, Fms. ii. 114; á hálfs mánaðar fresti, within half a month’s delay, Nj. 99; á tvítugs, sextugs … aldri, á barns, gamals aldri, etc., at the age of …, v. aldr: á dögum e-s, in the days of, in his reign or time, Landn. 24, Hrafn. 3, Fms. ix. 229.
    II. used of a fixed recurrent period or season; á várum, sumrum, haustum, vetrum, á kveldum, every spring, summer …, in the evenings, Eg. 711, Fms. i. 23, 25, vi. 394, Landn. 292: with the numeral adverbs, cp. Lat. ter in anno, um sinn á mánuði, ári, once a month, once a year, where the Engl. a is not the article but the preposition, Grág. i. 89.
    III. of duration; á degi, during a whole day, Fms. v. 48; á sjau nóttum, Bárð. 166; á því meli, during that time, in the meantime, Grág. i. 259.
    IV. connected with the seasons (á vetri, sumri, vári, hausti), ‘á’ denotes the next preceding season, the last winter, summer, autumn, Eb. 40, 238, Ld. 206: in such instances ‘á’ denotes the past, ‘at’ the future, ‘í’ the present; thus í vetri in old writers means this winter; á vetri, last winter; at vetri, next winter, Eb. 68 (in a verse), etc.
    C. In various other relations, more or less metaphorically, on, upon, in, to, with, towards, against:
    I. denoting object, in respect of, against, almost periphrastically; dvelja á náðum e-s, under one’s protection, Fms. i. 74; hafa metnað á e-u, to be proud of, to take pride in a thing, 127.
    2. denoting a personal relation, in; bæta e-t á e-m, to make amends, i. e. to one personally; misgöra e-t á e-m, to inflict wrong on one; hafa elsku (hatr) á e-m, to bear love ( hatred) to one, Fms. ix. 242; hefna sín á e-m, to take revenge on one’s person, on anyone; rjúfa sætt á e-m, to break truce on the person of any one, to offend against his person, Nj. 103; hafa sár á sér, 101; sjá á e-m, to read on or in one’s face; sér hann á hverjum manni hvárt til þín er vel eðr illa, 106; var þat brátt auðséð á hennar högum, at …, it could soon be seen in all her doings, that …, Ld. 22.
    3. also generally to shew signs of a thing; sýna fáleika á sér, to shew marks of displeasure, Nj. 14, Fs. 14; taka vel, illa, lítt, á e-u, to take a thing well, ill, or indifferently, id.; finna á sér, to feel in oneself; fann lítt á honum, hvárt …, it could hardly be seen in his face, whether …, Eb. 42; líkindi eru á, it is likely, Ld. 172; göra kost á e-u, to give a choice, chance of it, 178; eiga vald á e-u, to have power over …, Nj. 10.
    II. denoting encumbrance, duty, liability; er fimtardómsmál á þeim, to be subject to …, Nj. 231; the phrase, hafa e-t á hendi, or vera á hendi e-m, on one’s hands, of work or duty to be done; eindagi á fé, term, pay day, Grág. i. 140; ómagi (skylda, afvinna) á fé, of a burden or encumbrance, D. I. and Grág. in several passages.
    III. with a personal pronoun, sér, mér, honum …, denoting personal appearance, temper, character, look, or the like; vera þungr, léttr … á sér, to be heavy or light, either bodily or mentally; þungr á sér, corpulent, Sturl. i. 112; kátr ok léttr á sér, of a gay and light temper, Fms. x. 152; þat bragð hafði hann á sér, he looked as if, … the expression of his face was as though …, Ld., cp. the mod. phrase, hafa á sér svip, bragð, æði, sið, of one’s manner or personal appearance, to bear oneself as, or the like; skjótr (seinn) á fæti, speedy ( slow) of foot, Nj. 258.
    IV. as a periphrasis of the possessive pronoun connected with the limbs or parts of the body. In common Icel. such phrases as my hands, eyes, head … are hardly ever used, but höfuð, eyru, hár, nef, munnr, hendr, fætr … á mér; so ‘í’ is used of the internal parts, e. g. hjarta, bein … í mér; the eyes are regarded as inside the body, augun í honum: also without the possessive pronoun, or as a periphrasis for a genitive, brjóstið á e-m, one’s breast, Nj. 95, Edda 15; súrnar í augum, it smarts in my eyes, my eyes smart, Nj. 202; kviðinn á sér, its belly, 655 xxx. 5, Fms. vi. 350; hendr á henni, her hands, Gísl. (in a verse); í vörunum á honum, on his lips, Band. 14; ristin á honum, his step, Fms. viii. 141; harðr í tungu, sharp of tongue, Hallfred (Fs. 114); kalt (heitt) á fingrum, höndum, fótum …, cold ( warm) in the fingers, hands, feet …, i. e. with cold fingers, etc.; cp. also the phrase, verða vísa (orð) á munni, of extemporising verses or speeches, freq. in the Sagas; fastr á fótum, fast by the leg, of a bondsman, Nj. 27: of the whole body, díla fundu þeir á honum, 209. The pers. pron. is used only in solemn style (poetry, hymns, the Bible), and perhaps only when influenced by foreign languages, e. g. mitt hjarta hví svo hryggist þú, as a translation of ‘warumb betrübst du dich mein Herz?’ the famous hymn by Hans Sachs; instead of the popular hjartað í mér, Sl. 43, 44: hjartað mitt is only used as a term of endearment, as by a husband to his wife, parents to their child, or the like, in a metaphorical sense; the heart proper is ‘í mér,’ not ‘mitt.’
    2. of other things, and as a periphrasis of a genitive, of a part belonging to the whole, e. g. dyrr á husi = húsdyrr, at the house-doors; turn á kirkju = kirkju turn; stafn, skutr, segl, árar … á skipi, the stem, stern, sail … of a ship, Fms. ix. 135; blöð á lauk, á tré …, leaves of a leek, of a tree …, Fas. i. 469; egg á sverði = sverðs egg; stafr á bók; kjölr á bók, and in endless other instances.
    V. denoting instrumentality, by, on, or a-, by means of; afla fjár á hólmgöngum, to make money a-duelling, by means of duels, Eg. 498; á verkum sínum, to subsist on one’s own work, Njarð. 366: as a law term, sekjast á e-ju, to be convicted upon …, Grág. i. 123; sekst maðr þar á sínu eigini ( a man is guilty in re sua), ef hann tekr af þeim manni er heimild ( possessio) hefir til, ii. 191; falla á verkum sínum, to be killed flagranti delicto, v. above; fella e-n á bragði, by a sleight in wrestling; komast undan á flótta, to escape by flight, Eg. 11; á hlaupi, by one’s feet, by speed, Hkr. ii. 168; lifa á e-u, to feed on; bergja á e-u, to taste of a thing; svala sér á e-u, to quench the thirst on.
    VI. with subst. numerals; á þriðja tigi manna, up to thirty, i. e. from about twenty to thirty, Ld. 194; á öðru hundraði skipa, from one to two hundred sail strong, Fms. x. 126; á níunda tigi, between eighty and ninety years of age, Eg. 764, v. above: used as prep., á hendi, on one’s hand, i. e. bound to do it, v. hönd.
    VII. in more or less adverbial phrases it may often be translated in Engl. by a participle and a- prefixed; á lopti, aloft; á floti, afloat; á lífi, alive; á verðgangi, a-begging; á brautu, away; á baki, a-back, behind, past; á milli, a-tween; á laun, alone, secretly; á launungu, id.; á móti, against; á enda, at an end, gone; á huldu, hidden; fara á hæli, to go a-heel, i. e. backwards, Fms. vii. 70;—but in many cases these phrases are transl. by the Engl. partic. with a, which is then perh. a mere prefix, not a prep., á flugi, a-flying in the air, Nj. 79; vera á gangi, a-going; á ferli, to be about; á leiki, a-playing, Fms. i. 78; á sundi, a-swimming, ii. 27; á verði, a-watching, x. 201; á hrakningi, a-wandering; á reiki, a-wavering; á skjálfi, a-shivering; á-hleri, a-listening; á tali, a-talking, Ísl. ii. 200; á hlaupi, a-running, Hkr. ii. 268; á verki, a-working; á veiðum, a-hunting; á fiski, a-fishing; á beit, grazing: and as a law term it even means in flagranti, N. G. L. i. 348.
    VIII. used absolutely without a case in reference to the air or the weather, where ‘á’ is almost redundant; þoka var á mikil, a thick fog came on, Nj. 267; niðamyrkr var á, pitch darkness came on, Eg. 210; allhvast á norðan, a very strong breeze from the north, Fms. ix. 20; þá var á norðrænt, a north wind came on, 42, Ld. 56; hvaðan sem á er, from whatever point the wind is; var á hríð veðrs, a snow storm came on, Nj. 282; görði á regn, rain came on, Fms. vi. 394, xi. 35, Ld. 156.
    WITH ACC.
    A. Loc.
    I. denoting simple direction towards, esp. connected with verbs of motion, going, or the like; hann gékk á bergsnös, Eg. 389; á hamar, Fas. ii. 517.
    2. in phrases denoting direction; liggja á útborða, lying on the outside of the ship, Eg. 354; á annat borð skipinu, Fms. vii. 260; á bæði borð, on both sides of the ship, Nj. 124, Ld. 56; á tvær hliðar, on both sides, Fms. v. 73. Ísl. ii. 159; á hlið, sidewards; út á hlið, Nj. 262, Edda 44; á aðra hönd henni, Nj. 50, Ld. 46; höggva á tvær hendr, to hew or strike right and left, Ísl. ii. 368, Fas. i. 384, Fms. viii. 363, x. 383.
    3. upp á, upon; hann tók augu Þjaza ok kastaði upp á himin, Edda 47: with verbs denoting to look, see, horfa, sjá, líta, etc.; hann rak skygnur á land, he cast glances towards the land, Ld. 154.
    II. denoting direction with or without the idea of arriving:
    1. with verbs denoting to aim at; of a blow or thrust, stefna á fótinn, Nj. 84; spjótið stefnir á hann miðjan, 205: of the wind, gékk veðrit á vestr, the wind veered to west, Fms. ix. 28; sigla á haf, to stand out to sea, Hkr. i. 146, Fms. i. 39: with ‘út’ added, Eg. 390, Fms. x. 349.
    2. conveying the notion of arriving, or the intervening space being traversed; spjótið kom á miðjan skjöldinn, Eg. 379, Nj. 96, 97; langt upp á land, far up inland, Hkr. i. 146: to reach, taka ofan á belti, of the long locks of a woman, to reach down to the belt, Nj. 2; ofan á bringu, 48; á þa ofan, 91.
    III. without reference to the space traversed, connected with verbs denoting to go, turn, come, ride, sail, throw, or the like, motion of every kind; hann kastar honum á völlinn, he flings him down, Nj. 91; hlaupa á skip sitt, to leap on board his ship, 43; á hest, to mount quickly, Edda 75; á lend hestinum, Nj. 91; hann gengr á sáðland sitt, he walks on to his fields, 82: on, upon, komast á fætr, to get upon one’s legs, 92; ganga á land, to go a-shore, Fms. i. 40; ganga á þing, vii. 242, Grág. (often); á skóg, á merkr ok skóga, into a wood, Fb. i. 134, 257, Fms. xi. 118, Eg. 577, Nj. 130; fara á Finnmörk, to go travelling in Finmark, Fms. i. 8; koma, fara á bæ, to arrive at the farm-house; koma á veginn, Eg. 578; stíga á bát, skip, to go on board, 158; hann gékk upp á borg, he went up to the burg (castle), 717; en er þeir komu á loptriðið, 236; hrinda skipum á vatn, to float the ships down into the water, Fms. i. 58; reka austr á haf, to drift eastwards on the sea, x. 145; ríða ofan á, to ride down or over, Nj. 82.
    IV. in some cases the acc. is used where the dat. would be used, esp. with verbs denoting to see or hear, in such phrases as, þeir sá boða mikinn inn á fjörðinn, they saw great breakers away up in the bight of the firth, the acc. being due perhaps to a motion or direction of the eye or ear towards the object, Nj. 124; sá þeir fólkit á land, they saw the people in the direction of land, Fas. ii. 517: in phrases denoting to be placed, to sit, to be seated, the seat or bench is freq. in the acc. where the dat. would now be used; konungr var þar á land upp, the king was then up the country, the spectator or narrator is conceived as looking from the shore or sea-side, Nj. 46; sitja á miðjan bekk, to be seated on the middle bench, 50; skyldi konungs sæti vera á þann bekk … annat öndvegi var á hinn úæðra pall; hann setti konungs hásæti á miðjan þverpall, Fms. vi. 439, 440, cp. Fagrsk. l. c., Sturl. iii. 182; eru víða fjallbygðir upp á mörkina, in the mark or forest, Eg. 58; var þar mörk mikil á land upp, 229; mannsafnaðr er á land upp (viewed from the sea), Ld. 76; stóll var settr á mótið, Fas. i. 58; beiða fars á skip, to beg a passage, Grág. i. 90.
    V. denoting parts of the body; bíta e-n á barka, to bite one in the throat, Ísl. ii. 447; skera á háls, to cut the throat of any one, Nj. 156; brjóta e-n á háls, to break any one’s neck; brjóta e-n á bak, to break any one’s back, Fms. vii. 119; kalinn á kné, frozen to the knees with cold, Hm. 3.
    VI. denoting round; láta reipi á háls hesti, round his horse’s neck, 623. 33; leggja söðul á hest, Nj. 83; and ellipt., leggja á, to saddle; breiða feld á hofuð sér, to wrap a cloak over his head, 164; reyta á sik mosa, to gather moss to cover oneself with, 267; spenna hring á hönd, á fingr, Eg. 300.
    VII. denoting a burden; stela mat á tvá hesta, hey á fimtán hesta, i. e. a two, a fifteen horse load, Nj. 74: metaph., kjósa feigð á menn, to choose death upon them, i. e. doom them to death, Edda 22.
    B. TEMP.
    I. of a period of time, at, to; á morgun, to-morrow (í morgun now means the past morning, the morning of to-day), Ísl. ii. 333.
    II. if connected with the word day, ‘á’ is now used before a fixed or marked day, a day of the week, a feast day, or the like; á Laugardag, á Sunnudag …, on Saturday, Sunday, the Old Engl. a-Sunday, a-Monday, etc.; á Jóladaginn, Páskadaginn, on Yule and Easter-day; but in old writers more often used ellipt. Sunnudaginn, Jóladaginn …, by dropping the prep. ‘á,’ Fms. viii. 397, Grág. i. 18.
    III. connected with ‘dagr’ with the definite article suffixed, ‘á’ denotes a fixed, recurring period or season, in; á daginn, during the day-time, every day in turn, Grett. 91 A.
    IV. connected with ‘evening, morning, the seasons,’ with the article; á kveldit, every evening, Ld. 14; á sumarit, every summer, Vd. 128, where the new Ed. Fs. 51 reads sumrum; á haust, every autumn, Eg. 741 (perh. a misprint instead of á haustin or á haustum); á vetrinn, in the winter time, 710; á várit, every spring, Gþl. 347; the sing., however, is very rare in such cases, the old as well as mod. usage prefers the plur.; á nætrnar, by night, Nj. 210; á várin, Eg. 710; á sumrin, haustin, á morgnana, in the morning (á morgin, sing., means to-morrow); á kveldin, in the evening, only ‘dagr’ is used in sing., v. above (á daginn, not á dagana); but elliptically and by dropping the article, Icelanders say, kveld og morgna, nótt og dag, vetr sumar vor og haust, in the same sense as those above mentioned.
    V. denoting duration, the article is dropped in the negative phrase, aldri á sinn dag, never during one’s life; aldri á mína daga, never in my life, Bjarn. 8, where a possess. pron. is put between noun and prep., but this phrase is very rare. Such phrases as, á þann dag, that day, and á þenna dag, Stj. 12, 655 xxx. 2. 20, are unclassical.
    VI. á dag without article can only be used in a distributive sense, e. g. tvisvar á dag, twice a-day; this use is at present freq. in Icel., yet instances from old writers are not on record.
    VII. denoting a movement onward in time, such as, liðið á nótt, dag, kveld, morgun, sumar, vetr, vár, haust (or nóttina, daginn …), jól, páska, föstu, or the like, far on in the night, day …, Edda 33; er á leið vetrinn, when the winter was well on, as the winter wore on, Nj. 126; cp. áliðinn: also in the phrase, hniginn á inn efra aldr, well stricken in years, Ld. 68.
    C. Metaph. and in various relations:
    I. somewhat metaphorically, denoting an act only (not the place); fara á fund, á vit e-s, to call for one, Eg. 140; koma á ræðu við e-n, to come to a parley with, to speak, 173; ganga á tal, Nj. 103; skora á hólm, to challenge to a duel on an island; koma á grið, to enter into a service, to be domiciled, Grág. i. 151; fara á veiðar, to go a-hunting, Fms. i. 8.
    β. generally denoting on, upon, in, to; bjóða vöxtu á féit, to offer interest on the money, Grág. i. 198; ganga á berhögg, to come to blows, v. berhögg; fá á e-n, to make an impression upon one, Nj. 79; ganga á vápn e-s, to throw oneself on an enemy’s weapon, meet him face to face, Rd. 310; ganga á lagið, to press on up the spear-shaft after it has passed through one so as to get near one’s foe, i. e. to avail oneself of the last chance; bera fé á e-n, to bribe, Nj. 62; bera öl á e-n, to make drunk, Fas. i. 13; snúinn á e-t, inclined to, Fms. x. 142; sammælast á e-t, to agree upon, Nj. 86; sættast, verða sáttr á e-t, in the same sense, to come to an agreement, settlement, or atonement, 78, Edda 15, Eb. 288, Ld. 50, Fms. i. 279; ganga á mála, to serve for pay as a soldier, Nj. 121; ganga á vald e-s, to put oneself in his power, 267; ganga á sætt, to break an agreement; vega á veittar trygðir, to break truce, Grág. ii. 169.
    II. denoting in regard to, in respect to:
    1. of colour, complexion, the hue of the hair, or the like; hvítr, jarpr, dökkr … á hár, having white, brown, or dark … hair, Ísl. ii. 190, Nj. 39; svartr á brún ok brá, dark of brow and eyebrow; dökkr á hörund, id., etc.
    2. denoting skill, dexterity; hagr á tré, a good carpenter; hagr á járn, málm, smíðar …, an expert worker in iron, metals …, Eg. 4; fimr á boga, good at the bow: also used of mastership in science or arts, meistari á hörpuslátt, a master in striking the harp, Fas. iii. 220; fræðimaðr á kvæði, knowing many poems by heart, Fms. vi. 391; fræðimaðr á landnámssögur ok forna fræði, a learned scholar in histories and antiquities (of Are Frode), Ísl. ii. 189; mikill á íþrótt, skilful in an art, Edda (pref.) 148; but dat. in the phrase, kunna (vel) á skíðum, to be a cunning skater, Fms. i. 9, vii. 120.
    3. denoting dimensions; á hæð, lengd, breidd, dýpt …, in the heighth, length, breadth, depth …, Eg. 277; á hvern veg, on each side, Edda 41 (square miles); á annan veg, on the one side, Grág. i. 89.
    β. the phrase, á sik, in regard to oneself, vel (illa) á sik kominn, of a fine ( ugly) appearance, Ld. 100, Fas. iii. 74.
    III. denoting instrumentality; bjargast á sínar hendr, to live on the work of one’s own hands, (á sínar spýtur is a mod. phrase in the same sense); (vega) á skálir, pundara, to weigh in scales, Grág. ii. 370; at hann hefði tvá pundara, ok hefði á hinn meira keypt en á hinn minna selt, of a man using two scales, a big one for buying and a little one for selling, Sturl. i. 91; á sinn kostnað, at one’s own expense; nefna e-n á nafn, by name, Grág. i. 17, etc. The Icel. also say, spinna á rokk, snældu, to spin on or with a rock or distaff; mala á kvern, to grind in a ‘querne,’ where Edda 73 uses dat.; esp. of musical instruments, syngja, leika á hljóðfæri, hörpu, gígju …; in the old usage, leika hörpu …, Stj. 458.
    IV. denoting the manner or way of doing:
    1. á þessa lund, in this wise, Grág. ii. 22; á marga vega, á alla, ymsa vega, in many, all, respects, Fms. i. 114; á sitt hóf, in its turn, respectively, Ld. 136, where the context shews that the expression answers to the Lat. mutatis mutandis; á Þýðersku, after German fashion, Sks. 288.
    2. esp. of language; mæla, rita á e-a tungu, to speak, write in a tongue; á Írsku, in Irish, Ld. 76; Norrænu, in Norse, Eb. 330, Vm. 35; a Danska tungu, in Danish, i. e. Scandinavian, Norse, or Icelandic, Grág. i. 18; á Vára tungu, i. e. in Icelandic, 181; rita á Norræna tungu, to write in Norse, Hkr. (pref.), Bs. i. 59:—at present, dat. is sometimes used.
    3. in some phrases the acc. is used instead of the dat.; hann sýndi á sik mikit gaman, Fms. x. 329; hann lét ekki á sik finna, he shewed no sign of motion, Nj. 111; skaltú önga fáleika á þik gera (Cod. Kalf.), 14.
    V. used in a distributive sense; skal mörk kaupa gæzlu á kú, eðr oxa fim vetra gamlan, a mark for every cow, Grág. i. 147; alin á hvert hross, 442; á mann, per man (now freq.): cp. also á dag above, lit. B.
    VI. connected with nouns,
    1. prepositional; á hendr (with dat.), against; á hæla, at heel, close behind; á bak, at back, i. e. past, after; á vit (with gen.), towards.
    2. adverbially; á braut, away, abroad; á víxl, in turns; á mis, amiss; á víð ok dreif, a-wide and a-drift, i. e. dispersedly.
    3. used almost redundantly before the following prep.; á eptir, after, behind; á undan, in front of; á meðal, á milli, among; á mót, against; á við, about, alike; á frá (cp. Swed. ifrån), from (rare); á fyrir = fyrir, Haustl. 1; á hjá, beside (rare); á fram, a-head, forwards; á samt, together; ávalt = of allt, always: following a prep., upp á, upon; niðr á, down upon; ofan á, eptir á, post eventum, (temp.) á eptir is loc., id., etc.
    VII. connected with many transitive verbs, answering to the Lat. ad- or in-, in composition, in many cases periphrastically for an objective case. The prep. generally follows after the verb, instead of being prefixed to it as in Lat., and answers to the Engl. on, to; heita kalla, hrópa á, to call on; heyra, hlusta, hlyða á, to hearken to, listen to; hyggja, hugsa á, to think on; minna á, to remind; sjá, líta, horfa, stara, mæna, glápa, koma auga … á, to look on; girnast á, to wish for; trúa á, to believe on; skora á, to call on any one to come out, challenge; kæra á, to accuse; heilsa á, to greet; herja, ganga, ríða, hlaupa, ráða … á, to fall on, attack, cp. ágangr, áreið, áhlaup; ljúga á, to tell lies of, to slander; telja á, to carp at; ausa, tala, hella, kasta, verpa … á, to pour, throw on; ríða, bera, dreifa á, to sprinkle on; vanta, skorta á, to fall short of; ala á, to plead, beg; leggja á, to throw a spell on, lay a saddle on; hætta á, to venture on; gizka á, to guess at; kveða á, to fix on, etc.: in a reciprocal sense, haldast á, of mutual strife; sendast á, to exchange presents; skrifast á, to correspond (mod.); kallast á, to shout mutually; standast á, to coincide, so as to be just opposite one another, etc.
    2.
    f. [Lat. aqua; Goth. ahva; Hel. aha; A. S. eâ; O. H. G. aha, owa; cp. Germ. ach and aue; Fr. eau, eaux; Engl. Ax-, Ex-, etc., in names of places; Swed.-Dan. å; the Scandinavians absorb the hu, so that only a single vowel or diphthong remains of the whole word]:—a river. The old form in nom. dat. acc. sing. is , v. the introduction to A, page 1, Bs. i. 333 sq., where ́n, ́ (acc.), and ́na; so also Greg. 677; the old fragm. of Grág. ii. 222, 223, new Ed. In the Kb. of the Edda the old form occurs twice, viz. page 75, ́na (acc.), (but two lines below, ána), í ́nni (dat.) The old form also repeatedly occurs in the Kb. and Sb. of the Grág., e. g. ii. 266, 267: gen. sing. ár; nom. pl. ár, gen. á contracted, dat. ám, obsolete form ́m; Edda 43, Eg. 80, 99, 133, 185: proverbs, at ósi skal á stemma, answering to the Lat. principiis obsta, Edda 60; hér kemr á til sæfar, here the river runs into the sea, metaph. = this is the very end, seems to have been a favourite ending of old poems; it is recorded in the Húsdrápa and the Norðsetadrápa, v. Edda 96, Skálda 198; cp. the common saying, oil vötn renna til sævar, ‘all waters run into the sea.’ Rivers with glacier water are in Icel. called Hvítá, White river, or Jökulsá: Hitá, Hot river, from a hot spring, opp. to Kaldá, v. Landn.: others take a name from the fish in them, as Laxá, Lax or Salmon river (freq.); Örriða á, etc.: a tributary river is þverá, etc.: ár in the Njála often means the great rivers Ölfusá and Þjórsá in the south of Iceland. Áin helga, a river in Sweden, Hkr. ii: á is also suffixed to the names of foreign rivers, Tempsá = Thames; Dóná, Danube (Germ. Don-au), (mod.), etc. Vide Edda (Gl.) 116, 117, containing the names of over a hundred North-English and Scottish rivers.
    COMPDS: áráll, árbakki, árbrot, ardjúp, árfarvegr, árfors, árgljúfr, árhlutr, ármegin, árminni, ármót, áróss, árreki, árstraumr, árströnd, árvað, árvegr, árvöxtr.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > Á

  • 14 под рукой

    I
    • ПОД РУКОЙ; ПОД РУКАМИ both coll
    [PrepP; these forms only; adv or subj-compl with copula (subj: usu. human or concr)]
    =====
    ⇒ (of or in refer, to things, often household items that are located in convenient places so that one can easily use them; of or in refer, to people who stay or are kept nearby s.o., ready to help him, carry out his orders etc) (a person or thing is) very close by, easily accessible:
    - (close < near>) at hand;
    - at one's (s.o.'s) side (elbow);
    - [of or in refer, to things only] handy;
    - at one's (s.o.'s) fingertips.
         ♦ Мужчине всегда в некоторой степени свойственно желание попетушиться, а тут ещё под рукой такая штучка, как револьвер, почему же не схватить его, если для этого нужно только открыть ночной столик? (Олеша 3). It's always, to a certain extent, the nature of a man to want to ride the high horse, and when a thing like a revolver is close at hand, why not grab it, especially if all one has to do is open the night table? (3a).
         ♦...По-видимому, распорядитель пира не считал, что веселью пришёл конец, и он, как опытный тамада, всегда имел под рукой верное средство для того, чтобы вдохнуть жизнь в замирающее застолье (Катаев 2)....The tamada evidently decided it was not yet time to end the party, and like the experienced master of ceremonies he was, he had at hand a sure means of breathing life into the expiring company (2a).
         ♦ Ежели у человека есть под руками говядина, то он, конечно, охотнее питается ею, нежели другими, менее питательными веществами... (Салтыков-Щедрин 1). If a man has beef on hand, then of course he lives on that more willingly than on other less nourishing substances... (1a).
         ♦ Он отдал распоряжение шофёру. Он приказал референту сообщить в Департамент, что господин прокурор занят... Никого не принимать, отключить телефон и вообще убираться к дьяволу с глаз долой, но так, впрочем, чтобы всё время оставаться под рукой (Стругацкие 2). He gave instructions to his chauffeur and ordered his assistant to inform the department that the prosecutor was occupied. "Don't admit anyone, disconnect the phone. Go to the devil, get out of my sight, but stay within easy reach" (2a).
         ♦ "Я поглотил кучу книг и приобрёл уйму знаний, чтобы быть полезным ей и оказаться под рукой, если бы ей потребовалась моя помощь" (Пастернак 1). "For her sake I devoured piles of books and absorbed a great mass of knowledge, to be available to her if she asked for my help" (1a).
         ♦ "Вы дилетант". Сейчас можно признаться, что тогда я не знал и этого слова. И не имея под рукой словаря иностранных слов, не посмел возражать (Войнович 5). "You're a dilettante." Now I can admit that at the time I had no idea what that word meant, and with no dictionary of foreign words handy, I did not dare object (5a).
    II
    [PrepP; these forms only; adv]
    =====
    ⇒ when worked on, refined, crafted etc by s.o.:
    - under the hand(s) of.
         ♦ Под рукой мастера кусок теста превращается в произведение кулинарного искусства. In the hands of a great chef a lump of dough turns into a work of culinary art.
    • ПОД РУКОЙ <-ю> чьей, (у) кого obsoles, coll
    [PrepP; these forms only; subj-compl with copula (subj: usu. human or collect)]
    =====
    ⇒ a person (or group) is under s.o.'s authority or direction, is totally subjugated to s.o.:
    - X под рукой у Y-a ≈ X is under Y's command (rule, control, thumb);
    - Y controls X.
    IV
    • ПОД РУКОЙ <-ю> obs
    [PrepP; these forms only; adv]
    =====
    ⇒ (to do or say sth.) concealing it from others, without the knowledge of others:
    - discreetly.
         ♦ Ему [помощнику градоначальника] предстояло одно из двух: или немедленно рапортовать о случившемся по начальству и между тем начать под рукой следствие, или же некоторое время молчать и выжидать, что будет (Салтыков-Щедрин 1). Не [the assistant town governor] had two choices: either to report the occurrence to the authorities at once, and secretly begin an investigation in the meantime; or else to keep quiet for a while and see what would happen (1a).
         ♦ "Собираются на обед, на вечер, как в должность, без веселья, холодно, чтоб похвастать поваром, салоном, и потом под рукой осмеять, подставить ногу один другому" (Гончаров 1). [context transl] "If they meet at a dinner or a party, it is just the same as at their office-coldly, without a spark of gaiety, to boast of their chef or their drawing-room, and then to jeer at each other in a discreet aside, to trip one another up" (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > под рукой

  • 15 abditum

    ab-do, ĭdi, ĭtum, 3, v. a. [2. do].
    I.
    Lit., to put away, remove: and abdere se, to go away, betake one's self to some place:

    ex conspectu eri sui se abdiderunt,

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 5:

    pedestres copias paulum ab eo loco abditas in locis superioribus constituunt,

    removed, withdrawn, Caes. B. G. 7, 79, 2; so with ab:

    ascensu abdito a conspectu,

    Liv. 10, 14, 14:

    procul ardentes hinc precor abde faces,

    remove, Tib. 2, 1, 82.—The terminus ad quem is usually expressed by in with acc.:

    abdidit se in intimam Macedoniam quo potuit longissime a castris,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 4; so,

    se in contrariam partem terrarum,

    id. Mur. 41, 89: se in classem, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 2:

    se in Menapios,

    to depart, Caes. B. G. 6, 5, 5:

    In silvam Arduennam,

    id. ib. 5, 3, 4:

    exercitum in interiora,

    to uithdraw, Vell. 2, 110, 3:

    ea in insulam Seriphon abdita est (=ex humanā societate quasi expulsa),

    banished, exiled, Tac. A. 2, 85:

    se in bibliothecam,

    i. e. to retire to, Cic. Fam. 7, 28; cf.:

    se totum in litteras,

    id. ib. 7, 33, 2.—Rarely with other prepositions or with local adv.: Audisne haec, Amphiaraë, sub terram abdite? Poët. (Att.?) ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 25, 60; so with sub, Lucr. 4, 419:

    se rus,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 99:

    se domum,

    Cic. Pis. 38, 92:

    se Arpinum,

    id. Att. 9, 6, 1.
    II.
    Transf., to hide, conceal, keep secret, etc. (syn.: occulto, recondo); constr. aliquid, without or with in and abl., with other prepositions, with abl. only, or dat., with a localadv.
    (α).
    Aliquid:

    quae partes corporis... aspectum essent deformem habiturae, eas contexit atque abdidit (natura),

    Cic. Off. 1, 35, 126:

    amici tabellas,

    id. Pis. 17, 39:

    lacrimas, operire luctum,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 6:

    abduntur (delphini) occultanturque incognito more,

    Plin. H. N. 9, 8, 7, § 22; cf.:

    occultare et abdere pavorem,

    Tac. H. 1, 88:

    pugnare cupiebant, sed retro revocanda et abdenda cupiditas erat,

    Liv. 2, 45, 7; so,

    sensus suos penitus,

    Tac. A. 1, 11:

    aliquid dissimulata offensione,

    id. ib. 3, 64. —
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    cum se ille fugiens in scalarum tenebris abdidisset,

    Cic. Mil. 15, 40; cf.:

    qui dispersos homines in agris et in tectis silvestribus abditos... compulit unum in locum,

    id. Inr. 1, 2, 2:

    abditi in tabernaculis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 39, 4; cf.:

    in silvis,

    id. ib. 9, 19, 6:

    penitus qui in ferrost abditus aër,

    Lucr. 6, 1037 al. —
    (γ).
    With other prepp.:

    cultrum, quem sub veste abditum habebat,

    Liv. 1, 58 fin.; cf. Ov. M. 10, 715:

    ferrum carvo tenus hamo,

    id. ib. 4, 719.—
    (δ).
    With abl.:

    caput cristatā casside,

    Ov. M. 8, 25:

    corpus corneā domo,

    Phaedr. 2, 6, 5:

    gladium sinu,

    Tac. A. 5, 7:

    latet abditus agro,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 5:

    hunc (equum) abde domo,

    Verg. G. 3, 96:

    ita se litteris abdiderunt, at, etc.,

    Cic. Arch. 6, 12; v. Halm ad h. l.—
    (ε).
    With dat. ( poet.):

    lateri capulo tenus abdidit ensem,

    he baried, Verg. A. 2, 553.—
    (ζ).
    With local adv.:

    corpus humi,

    Flor. 4, 12, 38.—Hence, abditus, a, um, P. a., hidden, concealed, secreted, secret (syn.: reconditus, abscontlitus, occultus, retrusus): sub terram abditi, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 25, 60:

    vis abdita quaedum,

    Lucr. 5, 1233:

    res occultae et penitus abditae,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 19:

    sunt innumerabiles de his rebus libri neque abditi neque obscuri,

    id. de Or. 2, 20, 84: haec esse penitus in mediā philosophiā;

    retrusa atque abdita,

    id. ib. 1, 19, 87 al.: oppida, remote, Cod. Th. 15, 1, 14. — Comp. abditior, Aug. Conf. 5, 5; 10, 10. —Sup. abditissimus, Aug. Enchir. c. 16. —
    II.
    In the neutr.: abdĭtum, i, subst.:

    terrai abdita,

    Lucr. 6, 809; so,

    abdita rerum (=abditae res),

    Hor. A.P. 49:

    in abdito coire,

    in concealment, secretly, Plin. 8, 5, 5, § 13. — Adv.: abdĭtē secretly:

    latuisse,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 73, § 181; Ambros. Job et Dav. 1, 9, 29.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > abditum

  • 16 abdo

    ab-do, ĭdi, ĭtum, 3, v. a. [2. do].
    I.
    Lit., to put away, remove: and abdere se, to go away, betake one's self to some place:

    ex conspectu eri sui se abdiderunt,

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 5:

    pedestres copias paulum ab eo loco abditas in locis superioribus constituunt,

    removed, withdrawn, Caes. B. G. 7, 79, 2; so with ab:

    ascensu abdito a conspectu,

    Liv. 10, 14, 14:

    procul ardentes hinc precor abde faces,

    remove, Tib. 2, 1, 82.—The terminus ad quem is usually expressed by in with acc.:

    abdidit se in intimam Macedoniam quo potuit longissime a castris,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 4; so,

    se in contrariam partem terrarum,

    id. Mur. 41, 89: se in classem, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 2:

    se in Menapios,

    to depart, Caes. B. G. 6, 5, 5:

    In silvam Arduennam,

    id. ib. 5, 3, 4:

    exercitum in interiora,

    to uithdraw, Vell. 2, 110, 3:

    ea in insulam Seriphon abdita est (=ex humanā societate quasi expulsa),

    banished, exiled, Tac. A. 2, 85:

    se in bibliothecam,

    i. e. to retire to, Cic. Fam. 7, 28; cf.:

    se totum in litteras,

    id. ib. 7, 33, 2.—Rarely with other prepositions or with local adv.: Audisne haec, Amphiaraë, sub terram abdite? Poët. (Att.?) ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 25, 60; so with sub, Lucr. 4, 419:

    se rus,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 99:

    se domum,

    Cic. Pis. 38, 92:

    se Arpinum,

    id. Att. 9, 6, 1.
    II.
    Transf., to hide, conceal, keep secret, etc. (syn.: occulto, recondo); constr. aliquid, without or with in and abl., with other prepositions, with abl. only, or dat., with a localadv.
    (α).
    Aliquid:

    quae partes corporis... aspectum essent deformem habiturae, eas contexit atque abdidit (natura),

    Cic. Off. 1, 35, 126:

    amici tabellas,

    id. Pis. 17, 39:

    lacrimas, operire luctum,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 6:

    abduntur (delphini) occultanturque incognito more,

    Plin. H. N. 9, 8, 7, § 22; cf.:

    occultare et abdere pavorem,

    Tac. H. 1, 88:

    pugnare cupiebant, sed retro revocanda et abdenda cupiditas erat,

    Liv. 2, 45, 7; so,

    sensus suos penitus,

    Tac. A. 1, 11:

    aliquid dissimulata offensione,

    id. ib. 3, 64. —
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    cum se ille fugiens in scalarum tenebris abdidisset,

    Cic. Mil. 15, 40; cf.:

    qui dispersos homines in agris et in tectis silvestribus abditos... compulit unum in locum,

    id. Inr. 1, 2, 2:

    abditi in tabernaculis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 39, 4; cf.:

    in silvis,

    id. ib. 9, 19, 6:

    penitus qui in ferrost abditus aër,

    Lucr. 6, 1037 al. —
    (γ).
    With other prepp.:

    cultrum, quem sub veste abditum habebat,

    Liv. 1, 58 fin.; cf. Ov. M. 10, 715:

    ferrum carvo tenus hamo,

    id. ib. 4, 719.—
    (δ).
    With abl.:

    caput cristatā casside,

    Ov. M. 8, 25:

    corpus corneā domo,

    Phaedr. 2, 6, 5:

    gladium sinu,

    Tac. A. 5, 7:

    latet abditus agro,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 5:

    hunc (equum) abde domo,

    Verg. G. 3, 96:

    ita se litteris abdiderunt, at, etc.,

    Cic. Arch. 6, 12; v. Halm ad h. l.—
    (ε).
    With dat. ( poet.):

    lateri capulo tenus abdidit ensem,

    he baried, Verg. A. 2, 553.—
    (ζ).
    With local adv.:

    corpus humi,

    Flor. 4, 12, 38.—Hence, abditus, a, um, P. a., hidden, concealed, secreted, secret (syn.: reconditus, abscontlitus, occultus, retrusus): sub terram abditi, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 25, 60:

    vis abdita quaedum,

    Lucr. 5, 1233:

    res occultae et penitus abditae,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 19:

    sunt innumerabiles de his rebus libri neque abditi neque obscuri,

    id. de Or. 2, 20, 84: haec esse penitus in mediā philosophiā;

    retrusa atque abdita,

    id. ib. 1, 19, 87 al.: oppida, remote, Cod. Th. 15, 1, 14. — Comp. abditior, Aug. Conf. 5, 5; 10, 10. —Sup. abditissimus, Aug. Enchir. c. 16. —
    II.
    In the neutr.: abdĭtum, i, subst.:

    terrai abdita,

    Lucr. 6, 809; so,

    abdita rerum (=abditae res),

    Hor. A.P. 49:

    in abdito coire,

    in concealment, secretly, Plin. 8, 5, 5, § 13. — Adv.: abdĭtē secretly:

    latuisse,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 73, § 181; Ambros. Job et Dav. 1, 9, 29.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > abdo

  • 17 tacenda

    tăcĕo, cŭi, cĭtum, 2, v. n. and a. [etym. dub.; perh. root tak-, tvak-, to be or make quiet, content; Sanscr. tucyati, to satisfy; v. Fick, Vergl. Wört. s. v. § 73; 362].
    I.
    Neutr., to be silent, i. e. not to speak, to say nothing, hold one ' s peace (therefore more limited in signif. than silere, to be still, to make no noise): qui dicta loquive tacereve possit, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 255 Vahl.); so, tacere ac fabulari, id. ap. Non. 475, 2 (Trag. v. 182 ib.): Ag. Ne obturba ac tace. Mil. Taceo. Ag. Si tacuisses, jam istuc taceo non natum foret, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 49 sq.:

    silete et tacete,

    id. ib. prol. 3; cf. id. Capt. 3, 1, 19:

    taceamne an praedicem,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 54; 5, 2, 60; id. And. 2, 3, 25:

    ea lingulaca est nobis, nam numquam tacet,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 62:

    ad loquendum atque ad tacendum tute habeas portisculum,

    id. As. 3, 1, 15:

    tacendo loqui videbantur,

    Cic. Sest. 18, 40:

    hic Abdera, non tacente me,

    id. Att. 4, 17, 3 B. and K.:

    nobis tacentibus,

    id. Ac. 2, 32, 101:

    an me taciturum tantis de rebus existimavistis?

    id. Verr. 1, 9, 27:

    taceamus,

    Liv. 40, 9, 5:

    tacere nondum volumus,

    Sid. Ep. 8, 16.— Impers. pass.:

    taceri si vis, vera dicito,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 26:

    ut doceam Rullum posthac in iis saltem tacere rebus, in quibus de se et de suis factis taceri velit,

    Cic. Agr. 3, 2, 4.—
    B.
    Transf., for silere, of animals and things, concr. and abstr., to be still, noiseless, quiet, at rest (mostly poet.):

    canis ipse tacet,

    Tib. 2, 4, 34; cf.:

    vere prius volucres taceant, aestate cicadae,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 271:

    nox erat... Cum tacet omnis ager pecudes pictaeque volucres,

    Verg. A. 4, 525; cf.

    nox,

    Cat. 7, 7:

    nec diu taceat procax locutio,

    id. 61, 126:

    non oculi tacuere tui,

    Ov. Am. 2, 5, 17: plectra dolore tacent;

    muta dolore lyra est,

    id. H. 15, 198:

    tacet stridor litui,

    Sen. Thyest. 575:

    essedo tacente,

    noiseless, Mart. 4, 64, 19:

    Ister tacens,

    i. e. standing still, frozen, id. 7, 84, 3:

    solitudo et tacentes loci,

    hushed, still, Tac. H. 3, 85:

    loca tacentia,

    the under world, the silent land, Verg. A. 6, 265:

    aquae tacentes,

    Prop. 4 (5), 4, 49:

    tacere indolem illam Romanam,

    i. e. did not show itself, had disappeared, Liv. 9, 6, 12:

    blanditiae taceant,

    Ov. Am. 1, 4, 66.—
    II.
    Act., to pass over in silence, be silent respecting a thing (rare but class.):

    et tu hoc taceto,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 64:

    quae vera audivi, taceo et contineo,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 23; Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 44:

    enuntiabo... quod adhuc semper tacui et tacendum putavi,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 119:

    quid dixit aut quid tacuit?

    Hor. Epod. 5, 49:

    commissa tacere Qui nequit,

    id. S. 1, 4, 84:

    ut alios taceam,

    not to speak of others, Ov. M. 13, 177; so,

    Narcissum,

    Verg. G. 4, 123:

    novercas,

    Sen. Hippol. 558 et saep.:

    tacebimus, quid in ipso homine prosit homini?

    Plin. 28, 1, 1, § 1.— Pass.:

    ignotumst, tacitumst, creditumst,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 28:

    aureus in medio Marte tacetur Amor,

    Ov. Am. 2, 18, 36:

    vir Celtiberis non tacende gentibus,

    Mart. 1, 50, 1. — Hence, subst.: tăcenda, ōrum, n., things not to be uttered: dicenda tacenda locutus, rhêta kai arrêta, things fit and unfit to be spoken, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 72; cf.:

    gravis est culpa tacenda loqui,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 604.—Hence, tă-cĭtus, a, um, P. a.
    A.
    Pass., that is passed over in silence, not spoken of, kept secret, unmentioned:

    prima duo capita epistulae tuae tacita mihi quodammodo relinquenda sunt,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

    aliquid tacitum tenere,

    id. de Or. 3, 17, 64; cf.:

    quod cum ab antiquis tacitum praetermissumque sit,

    Liv. 6, 12, 3; Verg. A. 6, 841:

    tacitum erit,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 64:

    suspendas potins me, quam tacita tu haec auferas,

    i. e. without my speaking of it, uncontradicted by me, id. As. 4, 2, 7; cf.:

    cetera si reprehenderis, non feres tacitum,

    Cic. Att. 2, 3, 2:

    ne id quidem ab Turno tulisse tacitum ferunt: dixisse enim, etc.,

    Liv. 1, 50, 9; so, too, tacitum ferre. id. 3, 45, 6: non patientibus tacitum tribunis, quod, etc., id. 7, 1, 5:

    tacere nequeo misera, quod tacito usus est,

    silence, Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 7. —
    2.
    Transf.
    a.
    In jurid. lang., that is done without words, assumed as a matter of course, silent, implied, tacit:

    non omnia scriptis, sed quaedam, quae perspicua sint, tacitis exceptionibus caveri,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 47, 140:

    conventio,

    Dig. 20, 2, 3:

    condicio,

    ib. 23, 3, 68:

    jus,

    ib. 29, 2, 66:

    substitutio,

    ib. 28, 5, 25:

    indutiae,

    Liv. 2, 18; 2, 64; 23, 46:

    fideicommissum,

    Quint. 9, 2, 74.—
    b.
    That is done or exists in silence; silent, secret, hidden, concealed:

    senatus decrevit, ut tacitum judicium ante comitia fierit,

    Cic. Att. 4, 17, 3 Bait.:

    aures ipsae tacito eum (modum) sensu sine arte definiunt,

    id. Or. 60, 203:

    omnes enim tacito quodam sensu sine ullā arte aut ratione quae sint... recta ac prava dijudicant,

    id. de Or. 3, 50, 195:

    ob tacitas cum Marcello offensiones,

    Vell. 2, 93, 2:

    tacitum vivit sub pectore vulnus,

    Verg. A. 4, 67; so,

    affectus,

    Ov. M. 7, 147:

    pudor,

    id. ib. 7, 743:

    ira,

    id. ib. 6, 623:

    dissimulare sperasti, tacitusque meā decedere terrā,

    secretly, unobserved, Verg. A. 4, 306.— Subst.: tăcĭtum, i, n., a secret:

    taciti vulgator,

    Ov. Am. 3, 7, 51. —
    B.
    Act. or neutr., that does not speak, not uttering a sound, silent, still, quiet, noiseless, mute:

    quod boni est, id tacitus taceas tute tecum et gaudeas,

    Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 44:

    tacitus tace modo,

    id. Poen. 4, 2, 84:

    mulier,

    id. Rud. 4, 4, 70; cf.:

    lacrumans tacitus auscultabat, quae ego loquebar,

    id. Bacch. 4, 9, 59:

    quid exspectas auctoritatem loquentium, quorum voluntatem tacitorum perspicis?

    Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 20; 3, 11, 26:

    vos me jam hoc tacito intellegetis,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 73, § 180:

    quae (patria) tecum tacita loquitur,

    id. Cat. 1, 7, 18: voluntas;

    quae si tacitis nobis intellegi posset, verbis omnino non uteremur,

    id. Caecin. 18, 53; id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 41:

    nihil me mutum delectare potest, nihil tacitum,

    id. Cat. 3, 11, 26:

    si quam conjecturam adfert hominibus tacita corporis figura,

    id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    tacita vestra exspectatio,

    id. Clu. 23, 63:

    assensiones nec tacitae nec occultae,

    implied, tacit, id. Mil. 5, 12:

    si mori tacitum oportet, taceamus,

    i. e. without making a defence, Liv. 40, 9, 5:

    contumeliam tacitus tulit,

    id. 35, 19, 1:

    ut forte legentem Aut tacitum impellat,

    i. e. meditating, Hor. S. 1, 3, 65:

    pro sollicitis non tacitus reis,

    eloquent, outspoken, id. C. 4, 1, 14:

    tacitus pasci si posset corvus,

    id. Ep. 1, 17, 50:

    tacitā fistula cum lyrā,

    id. C. 3, 19, 20:

    totum pererrat Luminibus tacitis,

    with silent glances, Verg. A. 4, 364:

    fulmen,

    i. e. without thunder, Luc. 1, 533 et saep.:

    per tacitum nemus ire,

    still, silent, quiet, Verg. A. 6, 386; so,

    unda,

    id. ib. 8, 87:

    caelum,

    id. ib. 3, 515:

    aër,

    Mart. 8, 32, 1:

    domus,

    id. 9, 62, 12:

    limen,

    Verg. A. 7, 343:

    nox,

    Ov. H. 18, 78; id. F. 2, 552.— Subst.: tăcĭtum, i, n., silence:

    septem surgens sedatis amnibus altus Per tacitum Ganges,

    in its silent course, flowing silently, Verg. A. 9, 31; cf.:

    trahitur Gangesque Padusque Per tacitum mundi,

    i. e. through subterranean passages, Luc. 10, 253:

    somnus per tacitum allapsus,

    silently, in silence, Sil. 10, 354:

    erumpunt sub casside fusae Per tacitum lacrimae,

    id. 12, 554; 17, 216.—
    C.
    As proper name: Tă-cĭta, ae, f., = Muta, the goddess of Silence:

    ecce anus in mediis residens annosa puellis Sacra facit Tacitae,

    Ov. F. 2, 572; v. also 2. Tacitus.— Adv.: tăcĭtē, silently, in silence, secretly (class.):

    auscultemus,

    Plaut. As. 3, 2, 42:

    tacite rogare,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13:

    tacite dat ipsa lex potestatem defendendi,

    id. Mil. 4, 11:

    perire tacite obscureque,

    id. Quint. 15, 50:

    non tulit verecundiam senatus,

    Liv. 5, 28, 1:

    exsecrari praetereuntem,

    id. 2, 58, 8:

    annus labens,

    Ov. F. 1, 65; Just. 15, 2; Plin. Ep. 5, 17, 2; Val. Max. 6, 5, 2.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tacenda

  • 18 taceo

    tăcĕo, cŭi, cĭtum, 2, v. n. and a. [etym. dub.; perh. root tak-, tvak-, to be or make quiet, content; Sanscr. tucyati, to satisfy; v. Fick, Vergl. Wört. s. v. § 73; 362].
    I.
    Neutr., to be silent, i. e. not to speak, to say nothing, hold one ' s peace (therefore more limited in signif. than silere, to be still, to make no noise): qui dicta loquive tacereve possit, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 255 Vahl.); so, tacere ac fabulari, id. ap. Non. 475, 2 (Trag. v. 182 ib.): Ag. Ne obturba ac tace. Mil. Taceo. Ag. Si tacuisses, jam istuc taceo non natum foret, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 49 sq.:

    silete et tacete,

    id. ib. prol. 3; cf. id. Capt. 3, 1, 19:

    taceamne an praedicem,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 54; 5, 2, 60; id. And. 2, 3, 25:

    ea lingulaca est nobis, nam numquam tacet,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 62:

    ad loquendum atque ad tacendum tute habeas portisculum,

    id. As. 3, 1, 15:

    tacendo loqui videbantur,

    Cic. Sest. 18, 40:

    hic Abdera, non tacente me,

    id. Att. 4, 17, 3 B. and K.:

    nobis tacentibus,

    id. Ac. 2, 32, 101:

    an me taciturum tantis de rebus existimavistis?

    id. Verr. 1, 9, 27:

    taceamus,

    Liv. 40, 9, 5:

    tacere nondum volumus,

    Sid. Ep. 8, 16.— Impers. pass.:

    taceri si vis, vera dicito,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 26:

    ut doceam Rullum posthac in iis saltem tacere rebus, in quibus de se et de suis factis taceri velit,

    Cic. Agr. 3, 2, 4.—
    B.
    Transf., for silere, of animals and things, concr. and abstr., to be still, noiseless, quiet, at rest (mostly poet.):

    canis ipse tacet,

    Tib. 2, 4, 34; cf.:

    vere prius volucres taceant, aestate cicadae,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 271:

    nox erat... Cum tacet omnis ager pecudes pictaeque volucres,

    Verg. A. 4, 525; cf.

    nox,

    Cat. 7, 7:

    nec diu taceat procax locutio,

    id. 61, 126:

    non oculi tacuere tui,

    Ov. Am. 2, 5, 17: plectra dolore tacent;

    muta dolore lyra est,

    id. H. 15, 198:

    tacet stridor litui,

    Sen. Thyest. 575:

    essedo tacente,

    noiseless, Mart. 4, 64, 19:

    Ister tacens,

    i. e. standing still, frozen, id. 7, 84, 3:

    solitudo et tacentes loci,

    hushed, still, Tac. H. 3, 85:

    loca tacentia,

    the under world, the silent land, Verg. A. 6, 265:

    aquae tacentes,

    Prop. 4 (5), 4, 49:

    tacere indolem illam Romanam,

    i. e. did not show itself, had disappeared, Liv. 9, 6, 12:

    blanditiae taceant,

    Ov. Am. 1, 4, 66.—
    II.
    Act., to pass over in silence, be silent respecting a thing (rare but class.):

    et tu hoc taceto,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 64:

    quae vera audivi, taceo et contineo,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 23; Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 44:

    enuntiabo... quod adhuc semper tacui et tacendum putavi,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 119:

    quid dixit aut quid tacuit?

    Hor. Epod. 5, 49:

    commissa tacere Qui nequit,

    id. S. 1, 4, 84:

    ut alios taceam,

    not to speak of others, Ov. M. 13, 177; so,

    Narcissum,

    Verg. G. 4, 123:

    novercas,

    Sen. Hippol. 558 et saep.:

    tacebimus, quid in ipso homine prosit homini?

    Plin. 28, 1, 1, § 1.— Pass.:

    ignotumst, tacitumst, creditumst,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 28:

    aureus in medio Marte tacetur Amor,

    Ov. Am. 2, 18, 36:

    vir Celtiberis non tacende gentibus,

    Mart. 1, 50, 1. — Hence, subst.: tăcenda, ōrum, n., things not to be uttered: dicenda tacenda locutus, rhêta kai arrêta, things fit and unfit to be spoken, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 72; cf.:

    gravis est culpa tacenda loqui,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 604.—Hence, tă-cĭtus, a, um, P. a.
    A.
    Pass., that is passed over in silence, not spoken of, kept secret, unmentioned:

    prima duo capita epistulae tuae tacita mihi quodammodo relinquenda sunt,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

    aliquid tacitum tenere,

    id. de Or. 3, 17, 64; cf.:

    quod cum ab antiquis tacitum praetermissumque sit,

    Liv. 6, 12, 3; Verg. A. 6, 841:

    tacitum erit,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 64:

    suspendas potins me, quam tacita tu haec auferas,

    i. e. without my speaking of it, uncontradicted by me, id. As. 4, 2, 7; cf.:

    cetera si reprehenderis, non feres tacitum,

    Cic. Att. 2, 3, 2:

    ne id quidem ab Turno tulisse tacitum ferunt: dixisse enim, etc.,

    Liv. 1, 50, 9; so, too, tacitum ferre. id. 3, 45, 6: non patientibus tacitum tribunis, quod, etc., id. 7, 1, 5:

    tacere nequeo misera, quod tacito usus est,

    silence, Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 7. —
    2.
    Transf.
    a.
    In jurid. lang., that is done without words, assumed as a matter of course, silent, implied, tacit:

    non omnia scriptis, sed quaedam, quae perspicua sint, tacitis exceptionibus caveri,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 47, 140:

    conventio,

    Dig. 20, 2, 3:

    condicio,

    ib. 23, 3, 68:

    jus,

    ib. 29, 2, 66:

    substitutio,

    ib. 28, 5, 25:

    indutiae,

    Liv. 2, 18; 2, 64; 23, 46:

    fideicommissum,

    Quint. 9, 2, 74.—
    b.
    That is done or exists in silence; silent, secret, hidden, concealed:

    senatus decrevit, ut tacitum judicium ante comitia fierit,

    Cic. Att. 4, 17, 3 Bait.:

    aures ipsae tacito eum (modum) sensu sine arte definiunt,

    id. Or. 60, 203:

    omnes enim tacito quodam sensu sine ullā arte aut ratione quae sint... recta ac prava dijudicant,

    id. de Or. 3, 50, 195:

    ob tacitas cum Marcello offensiones,

    Vell. 2, 93, 2:

    tacitum vivit sub pectore vulnus,

    Verg. A. 4, 67; so,

    affectus,

    Ov. M. 7, 147:

    pudor,

    id. ib. 7, 743:

    ira,

    id. ib. 6, 623:

    dissimulare sperasti, tacitusque meā decedere terrā,

    secretly, unobserved, Verg. A. 4, 306.— Subst.: tăcĭtum, i, n., a secret:

    taciti vulgator,

    Ov. Am. 3, 7, 51. —
    B.
    Act. or neutr., that does not speak, not uttering a sound, silent, still, quiet, noiseless, mute:

    quod boni est, id tacitus taceas tute tecum et gaudeas,

    Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 44:

    tacitus tace modo,

    id. Poen. 4, 2, 84:

    mulier,

    id. Rud. 4, 4, 70; cf.:

    lacrumans tacitus auscultabat, quae ego loquebar,

    id. Bacch. 4, 9, 59:

    quid exspectas auctoritatem loquentium, quorum voluntatem tacitorum perspicis?

    Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 20; 3, 11, 26:

    vos me jam hoc tacito intellegetis,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 73, § 180:

    quae (patria) tecum tacita loquitur,

    id. Cat. 1, 7, 18: voluntas;

    quae si tacitis nobis intellegi posset, verbis omnino non uteremur,

    id. Caecin. 18, 53; id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 41:

    nihil me mutum delectare potest, nihil tacitum,

    id. Cat. 3, 11, 26:

    si quam conjecturam adfert hominibus tacita corporis figura,

    id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    tacita vestra exspectatio,

    id. Clu. 23, 63:

    assensiones nec tacitae nec occultae,

    implied, tacit, id. Mil. 5, 12:

    si mori tacitum oportet, taceamus,

    i. e. without making a defence, Liv. 40, 9, 5:

    contumeliam tacitus tulit,

    id. 35, 19, 1:

    ut forte legentem Aut tacitum impellat,

    i. e. meditating, Hor. S. 1, 3, 65:

    pro sollicitis non tacitus reis,

    eloquent, outspoken, id. C. 4, 1, 14:

    tacitus pasci si posset corvus,

    id. Ep. 1, 17, 50:

    tacitā fistula cum lyrā,

    id. C. 3, 19, 20:

    totum pererrat Luminibus tacitis,

    with silent glances, Verg. A. 4, 364:

    fulmen,

    i. e. without thunder, Luc. 1, 533 et saep.:

    per tacitum nemus ire,

    still, silent, quiet, Verg. A. 6, 386; so,

    unda,

    id. ib. 8, 87:

    caelum,

    id. ib. 3, 515:

    aër,

    Mart. 8, 32, 1:

    domus,

    id. 9, 62, 12:

    limen,

    Verg. A. 7, 343:

    nox,

    Ov. H. 18, 78; id. F. 2, 552.— Subst.: tăcĭtum, i, n., silence:

    septem surgens sedatis amnibus altus Per tacitum Ganges,

    in its silent course, flowing silently, Verg. A. 9, 31; cf.:

    trahitur Gangesque Padusque Per tacitum mundi,

    i. e. through subterranean passages, Luc. 10, 253:

    somnus per tacitum allapsus,

    silently, in silence, Sil. 10, 354:

    erumpunt sub casside fusae Per tacitum lacrimae,

    id. 12, 554; 17, 216.—
    C.
    As proper name: Tă-cĭta, ae, f., = Muta, the goddess of Silence:

    ecce anus in mediis residens annosa puellis Sacra facit Tacitae,

    Ov. F. 2, 572; v. also 2. Tacitus.— Adv.: tăcĭtē, silently, in silence, secretly (class.):

    auscultemus,

    Plaut. As. 3, 2, 42:

    tacite rogare,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13:

    tacite dat ipsa lex potestatem defendendi,

    id. Mil. 4, 11:

    perire tacite obscureque,

    id. Quint. 15, 50:

    non tulit verecundiam senatus,

    Liv. 5, 28, 1:

    exsecrari praetereuntem,

    id. 2, 58, 8:

    annus labens,

    Ov. F. 1, 65; Just. 15, 2; Plin. Ep. 5, 17, 2; Val. Max. 6, 5, 2.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > taceo

  • 19 tacitum

    tăcĕo, cŭi, cĭtum, 2, v. n. and a. [etym. dub.; perh. root tak-, tvak-, to be or make quiet, content; Sanscr. tucyati, to satisfy; v. Fick, Vergl. Wört. s. v. § 73; 362].
    I.
    Neutr., to be silent, i. e. not to speak, to say nothing, hold one ' s peace (therefore more limited in signif. than silere, to be still, to make no noise): qui dicta loquive tacereve possit, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 255 Vahl.); so, tacere ac fabulari, id. ap. Non. 475, 2 (Trag. v. 182 ib.): Ag. Ne obturba ac tace. Mil. Taceo. Ag. Si tacuisses, jam istuc taceo non natum foret, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 49 sq.:

    silete et tacete,

    id. ib. prol. 3; cf. id. Capt. 3, 1, 19:

    taceamne an praedicem,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 54; 5, 2, 60; id. And. 2, 3, 25:

    ea lingulaca est nobis, nam numquam tacet,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 62:

    ad loquendum atque ad tacendum tute habeas portisculum,

    id. As. 3, 1, 15:

    tacendo loqui videbantur,

    Cic. Sest. 18, 40:

    hic Abdera, non tacente me,

    id. Att. 4, 17, 3 B. and K.:

    nobis tacentibus,

    id. Ac. 2, 32, 101:

    an me taciturum tantis de rebus existimavistis?

    id. Verr. 1, 9, 27:

    taceamus,

    Liv. 40, 9, 5:

    tacere nondum volumus,

    Sid. Ep. 8, 16.— Impers. pass.:

    taceri si vis, vera dicito,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 26:

    ut doceam Rullum posthac in iis saltem tacere rebus, in quibus de se et de suis factis taceri velit,

    Cic. Agr. 3, 2, 4.—
    B.
    Transf., for silere, of animals and things, concr. and abstr., to be still, noiseless, quiet, at rest (mostly poet.):

    canis ipse tacet,

    Tib. 2, 4, 34; cf.:

    vere prius volucres taceant, aestate cicadae,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 271:

    nox erat... Cum tacet omnis ager pecudes pictaeque volucres,

    Verg. A. 4, 525; cf.

    nox,

    Cat. 7, 7:

    nec diu taceat procax locutio,

    id. 61, 126:

    non oculi tacuere tui,

    Ov. Am. 2, 5, 17: plectra dolore tacent;

    muta dolore lyra est,

    id. H. 15, 198:

    tacet stridor litui,

    Sen. Thyest. 575:

    essedo tacente,

    noiseless, Mart. 4, 64, 19:

    Ister tacens,

    i. e. standing still, frozen, id. 7, 84, 3:

    solitudo et tacentes loci,

    hushed, still, Tac. H. 3, 85:

    loca tacentia,

    the under world, the silent land, Verg. A. 6, 265:

    aquae tacentes,

    Prop. 4 (5), 4, 49:

    tacere indolem illam Romanam,

    i. e. did not show itself, had disappeared, Liv. 9, 6, 12:

    blanditiae taceant,

    Ov. Am. 1, 4, 66.—
    II.
    Act., to pass over in silence, be silent respecting a thing (rare but class.):

    et tu hoc taceto,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 64:

    quae vera audivi, taceo et contineo,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 23; Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 44:

    enuntiabo... quod adhuc semper tacui et tacendum putavi,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 119:

    quid dixit aut quid tacuit?

    Hor. Epod. 5, 49:

    commissa tacere Qui nequit,

    id. S. 1, 4, 84:

    ut alios taceam,

    not to speak of others, Ov. M. 13, 177; so,

    Narcissum,

    Verg. G. 4, 123:

    novercas,

    Sen. Hippol. 558 et saep.:

    tacebimus, quid in ipso homine prosit homini?

    Plin. 28, 1, 1, § 1.— Pass.:

    ignotumst, tacitumst, creditumst,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 28:

    aureus in medio Marte tacetur Amor,

    Ov. Am. 2, 18, 36:

    vir Celtiberis non tacende gentibus,

    Mart. 1, 50, 1. — Hence, subst.: tăcenda, ōrum, n., things not to be uttered: dicenda tacenda locutus, rhêta kai arrêta, things fit and unfit to be spoken, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 72; cf.:

    gravis est culpa tacenda loqui,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 604.—Hence, tă-cĭtus, a, um, P. a.
    A.
    Pass., that is passed over in silence, not spoken of, kept secret, unmentioned:

    prima duo capita epistulae tuae tacita mihi quodammodo relinquenda sunt,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

    aliquid tacitum tenere,

    id. de Or. 3, 17, 64; cf.:

    quod cum ab antiquis tacitum praetermissumque sit,

    Liv. 6, 12, 3; Verg. A. 6, 841:

    tacitum erit,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 64:

    suspendas potins me, quam tacita tu haec auferas,

    i. e. without my speaking of it, uncontradicted by me, id. As. 4, 2, 7; cf.:

    cetera si reprehenderis, non feres tacitum,

    Cic. Att. 2, 3, 2:

    ne id quidem ab Turno tulisse tacitum ferunt: dixisse enim, etc.,

    Liv. 1, 50, 9; so, too, tacitum ferre. id. 3, 45, 6: non patientibus tacitum tribunis, quod, etc., id. 7, 1, 5:

    tacere nequeo misera, quod tacito usus est,

    silence, Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 7. —
    2.
    Transf.
    a.
    In jurid. lang., that is done without words, assumed as a matter of course, silent, implied, tacit:

    non omnia scriptis, sed quaedam, quae perspicua sint, tacitis exceptionibus caveri,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 47, 140:

    conventio,

    Dig. 20, 2, 3:

    condicio,

    ib. 23, 3, 68:

    jus,

    ib. 29, 2, 66:

    substitutio,

    ib. 28, 5, 25:

    indutiae,

    Liv. 2, 18; 2, 64; 23, 46:

    fideicommissum,

    Quint. 9, 2, 74.—
    b.
    That is done or exists in silence; silent, secret, hidden, concealed:

    senatus decrevit, ut tacitum judicium ante comitia fierit,

    Cic. Att. 4, 17, 3 Bait.:

    aures ipsae tacito eum (modum) sensu sine arte definiunt,

    id. Or. 60, 203:

    omnes enim tacito quodam sensu sine ullā arte aut ratione quae sint... recta ac prava dijudicant,

    id. de Or. 3, 50, 195:

    ob tacitas cum Marcello offensiones,

    Vell. 2, 93, 2:

    tacitum vivit sub pectore vulnus,

    Verg. A. 4, 67; so,

    affectus,

    Ov. M. 7, 147:

    pudor,

    id. ib. 7, 743:

    ira,

    id. ib. 6, 623:

    dissimulare sperasti, tacitusque meā decedere terrā,

    secretly, unobserved, Verg. A. 4, 306.— Subst.: tăcĭtum, i, n., a secret:

    taciti vulgator,

    Ov. Am. 3, 7, 51. —
    B.
    Act. or neutr., that does not speak, not uttering a sound, silent, still, quiet, noiseless, mute:

    quod boni est, id tacitus taceas tute tecum et gaudeas,

    Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 44:

    tacitus tace modo,

    id. Poen. 4, 2, 84:

    mulier,

    id. Rud. 4, 4, 70; cf.:

    lacrumans tacitus auscultabat, quae ego loquebar,

    id. Bacch. 4, 9, 59:

    quid exspectas auctoritatem loquentium, quorum voluntatem tacitorum perspicis?

    Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 20; 3, 11, 26:

    vos me jam hoc tacito intellegetis,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 73, § 180:

    quae (patria) tecum tacita loquitur,

    id. Cat. 1, 7, 18: voluntas;

    quae si tacitis nobis intellegi posset, verbis omnino non uteremur,

    id. Caecin. 18, 53; id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 41:

    nihil me mutum delectare potest, nihil tacitum,

    id. Cat. 3, 11, 26:

    si quam conjecturam adfert hominibus tacita corporis figura,

    id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    tacita vestra exspectatio,

    id. Clu. 23, 63:

    assensiones nec tacitae nec occultae,

    implied, tacit, id. Mil. 5, 12:

    si mori tacitum oportet, taceamus,

    i. e. without making a defence, Liv. 40, 9, 5:

    contumeliam tacitus tulit,

    id. 35, 19, 1:

    ut forte legentem Aut tacitum impellat,

    i. e. meditating, Hor. S. 1, 3, 65:

    pro sollicitis non tacitus reis,

    eloquent, outspoken, id. C. 4, 1, 14:

    tacitus pasci si posset corvus,

    id. Ep. 1, 17, 50:

    tacitā fistula cum lyrā,

    id. C. 3, 19, 20:

    totum pererrat Luminibus tacitis,

    with silent glances, Verg. A. 4, 364:

    fulmen,

    i. e. without thunder, Luc. 1, 533 et saep.:

    per tacitum nemus ire,

    still, silent, quiet, Verg. A. 6, 386; so,

    unda,

    id. ib. 8, 87:

    caelum,

    id. ib. 3, 515:

    aër,

    Mart. 8, 32, 1:

    domus,

    id. 9, 62, 12:

    limen,

    Verg. A. 7, 343:

    nox,

    Ov. H. 18, 78; id. F. 2, 552.— Subst.: tăcĭtum, i, n., silence:

    septem surgens sedatis amnibus altus Per tacitum Ganges,

    in its silent course, flowing silently, Verg. A. 9, 31; cf.:

    trahitur Gangesque Padusque Per tacitum mundi,

    i. e. through subterranean passages, Luc. 10, 253:

    somnus per tacitum allapsus,

    silently, in silence, Sil. 10, 354:

    erumpunt sub casside fusae Per tacitum lacrimae,

    id. 12, 554; 17, 216.—
    C.
    As proper name: Tă-cĭta, ae, f., = Muta, the goddess of Silence:

    ecce anus in mediis residens annosa puellis Sacra facit Tacitae,

    Ov. F. 2, 572; v. also 2. Tacitus.— Adv.: tăcĭtē, silently, in silence, secretly (class.):

    auscultemus,

    Plaut. As. 3, 2, 42:

    tacite rogare,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13:

    tacite dat ipsa lex potestatem defendendi,

    id. Mil. 4, 11:

    perire tacite obscureque,

    id. Quint. 15, 50:

    non tulit verecundiam senatus,

    Liv. 5, 28, 1:

    exsecrari praetereuntem,

    id. 2, 58, 8:

    annus labens,

    Ov. F. 1, 65; Just. 15, 2; Plin. Ep. 5, 17, 2; Val. Max. 6, 5, 2.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tacitum

  • 20 misteriosamente

    adv.
    mysteriously, secretly.
    * * *
    1 mysteriously
    * * *
    * * *
    = darkly, inexplicably, mysteriously, unaccountably, uncannily.
    Ex. Stanley C Holliday hammers home the same message by more whimsical means hinting darkly that a sticky end at the hands of irritated colleagues awaits all librarians who fail to make adequate and accurate notes.
    Ex. Inexplicably, principals rated instruction 7th in importance out of 10 librarian's skills, but they expected librarians to spend more time on instruction than on any other library function.
    Ex. A book not available in October which is eventually delivered in the January following mysteriously becomes less needed by the students over a period of three months.
    Ex. Due to the recent political and economic changes began issues of well-known periodicals have been delayed or unaccountably stopped coming.
    Ex. Sawyer's works are at once uncomfortably personal and uncannily universal.
    * * *
    = darkly, inexplicably, mysteriously, unaccountably, uncannily.

    Ex: Stanley C Holliday hammers home the same message by more whimsical means hinting darkly that a sticky end at the hands of irritated colleagues awaits all librarians who fail to make adequate and accurate notes.

    Ex: Inexplicably, principals rated instruction 7th in importance out of 10 librarian's skills, but they expected librarians to spend more time on instruction than on any other library function.
    Ex: A book not available in October which is eventually delivered in the January following mysteriously becomes less needed by the students over a period of three months.
    Ex: Due to the recent political and economic changes began issues of well-known periodicals have been delayed or unaccountably stopped coming.
    Ex: Sawyer's works are at once uncomfortably personal and uncannily universal.

    * * *
    mysteriously
    * * *

    misteriosamente adverbio mysteriously, enigmatically, strangely: misteriosamente, nadie se había percatado de que no estaba allí, strangely, nobody had noticed that she wasn't there
    * * *
    mysteriously

    Spanish-English dictionary > misteriosamente

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